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Challenges of the Constitutional Convention

Challenges of the Constitutional Convention. 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss reforming or revising the Articles of Confederation Shays’ Rebellion showed the federal or central government needed to be stronger!. Common Beliefs of Delegates to the Constitutional Convention:.

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Challenges of the Constitutional Convention

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  1. Challenges of the Constitutional Convention • 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss reforming or revising the Articles of Confederation • Shays’ Rebellion showed the federal or central government needed to be stronger!

  2. Common Beliefs of Delegates to the Constitutional Convention: • “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” • Natural rights could only exist with government. • Government was necessary for liberty. • Governments should be based on the consent of the governed. • Authority needed to be limited.

  3. Why the Call for a Convention? • Sept, 1786, Delegates from 5 states met in Annapolis, MD to discuss trade issues. • Had to amend the Articles to make the changes • Called for a convention in Philadelphia to begin in May 1787

  4. Who Was NOT Represented There? • Women • Native-Americans • African-Americans

  5. Key Leaders NOT There • Thomas Jefferson • John Adams • Patrick Henry said he “smelled a rat…tending toward monarchy.”

  6. Who Was There? • Many of the key Founding Fathers • Washington was chosen President of the convention • James Madison, • “Father of the Constitution,” • only member to attend every session • Kept notes on each session and made great contributions to the final document

  7. New Government • The Founding Fathers decide to create an entirely new government instead of just revising the Articles of Confederation

  8. Disagreements over Representation • VA Plan • NJ Plan • Great Compromise

  9. The Virginia Plan (Madison) • 3 Branches: Legislative, Executive & Judicial Branches with checks and balances • Congress, the legislative branch , would make the laws. • An executive branch would carry out the laws. • United States courts would see that justice was done under the law. • Congress, the legislative branch , would make the laws. • ***Plan for an entirely new form of government. • Called for 2 houses. • One would be elected directly by the people. • The members of the house would elect the second house. • ***Worried that ordinary people would not elect good representatives. Others felt it was important for citizens to be involved. Direct election was in question. • Called for representatives to be based on population. • Favored the large states for representation.

  10. Large vs. Small States: Who will win?

  11. The New Jersey Plan by William Patterson • Single House of Congress with equal vote in the States • Each state, regardless of size , would have the same number of representatives. • Small states supported this plan

  12. Great Compromise • 3 Branches: Executive, Judicial & Legislative • Legislative with 2 houses BICAMERAL • Senate had 2 representatives per state • The House of Representatives would be based off of number of people in state

  13. Executive Branch One person, a president, would lead the branch instead of multiple people

  14. Slavery, Taxes, and Representation • 3/5 Compromise • South wanted slaves counted for representation not taxation • North wanted slaves counted for taxation not representation • Final compromise: Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation

  15. The Slave Trade • Many Northerners want to ban slavery • South Carolina and Georgia vow not to accept any plan “unless their right to import slaves be untouched.” • Final compromise: Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808

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