1 / 26

THE HOME FRONT

THE HOME FRONT. The government’s role. Before the war the government played a small role in the day to day lives of Americans It regulated industrial and agricultural products. Attempted to manipulate the public’s opinion (propaganda). Mobilization at home. Mobilization Economic Emotional

ajay
Télécharger la présentation

THE HOME FRONT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE HOME FRONT

  2. The government’s role • Before the war the government played a small role in the day to day lives of Americans • It regulated industrial and agricultural products. • Attempted to manipulate the public’s opinion (propaganda)

  3. Mobilization at home. Mobilization • Economic • Emotional • Troops

  4. America Mobilizes for War • US Army was originally a fraction of the size of European armies. • Wilson encouraged Americans to volunteer and pushed congress to pass “Selective Services Act” • Passed in 1917 • Authorized a draft of young men for military service in Europe. • 9.6 million registered for the draft and were assigned a number. • Gov’t held a “great national lottery” to decide the order in which the draftees would be called into service. • Over course of war 24 million registered 2.8 actually drafted. 4 million total served including volunteers.

  5. America Mobilizes for War • Wilson also worked to shift the economy to wartime production • Council of National Defense • Created to oversee different agencies. • Food production, coal, petroleum distribution, and railway use. • Government determined what crops grew and how supplies moved around on nation’s trains.

  6. War Industries Board (WIB) • Bernard Baruch • WIB regulated all industries engaged in war effort. • System of free enterprise was curtailed to fulfill the nations need for war materials.

  7. To keep workers working…

  8. What did factories produce? • Women's blouse factories made signal flags • Radiator manufacturers made guns • Automobile factories made airplane engines • Piano companies made airplane wings.

  9. Committee on Public information (CPI) • Had to convince Americans that war was a just cause • Distributed 75 million pamphlets • Millions of posters that dramatized the needs of America and its allies • Stressed cruelty of Germans

  10. Propaganda: Wilson formed the Committee on Public Information (CPI). What do these posters say about Germany?

  11. Does propaganda exist in the 21st century? WASHINGTON (CNN) --The cafeteria menus in the three House office buildings changed the name of "french fries" to "freedom fries," in a culinary rebuke of France stemming from anger over the country's refusal to support the U.S. position on Iraq. http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/

  12. The Home Front • Censorship • Not told about high death toll • Romanticized the battlefields “soldiers have died a beautiful death, in noble battle, we shall rediscover poetry…epic and chivalrous”

  13. The Home Front • Impossible to hide death • Women in mourning • Badly wounded soldiers returned home • Opposition began to emerge

  14. Opposition to the war • German Americans and Irish Americans opposed the allies • Sometimes treated with prejudice • Draft created controversy • Some refused and often court-martialed and imprisoned. • 12% of men who received draft notices didn’t respond.

  15. Conscientious Objectors • Moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars. • Exempted from combat • “any well recognized religious sect or organization… whose existing creed or principles forbid its members to participate in war.

  16. Women Work for Peace • Many American women opposed the war. • Jeanette Rankin, first women to serve in the US House of Representative voted against declaration of war. • Jane Addams- Women’s Peace Party

  17. Government cracks down on dissent • Espionage Act • Ban treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed materials from the mail. • Limited freedom of Speech further with the Sedition Act • Unlawful to use “disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language.”

  18. Women Embrace New Opportunities • Many women moved into the workforce for the first time. • Women filled jobs that were vacated by men who had gone to fight. • By their efforts during the war women convinced President Wilson to support their suffrage demands. • 1919 right to vote.

  19. African-American • Presented new opportunities to African-Americans • “If this is our country this is our war” • Movement from the rural South to the industrial North • Great Migration • Escape the violent racism of the south • Others desired better jobs • “I beg you, my brother, to leave the benighted land . . . Get out of the South… Come north then, all you folks, both good and bad… The Defender says come”

  20. Push from the South by… • Jim Crow Segregation laws • Lynching and other racial violence • Low-paying jobs as sharecroppers or servants • Ruined cotton crops due to weevil infestation • Pulled to the North by… • Economic prosperity in northern cities • Job openings due to reduced immigration • Aid from African Americans in the North

  21. Mexican Americans Move North • Some of the same reasons African-Americans moved north • Many settled in the West working on large farms. • Barrios- Hispanic neighborhoods.

  22. Schenck V. United States 1919

More Related