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Evolutionary Biology

Evolutionary Biology. I . Introduction. A. History. 1. C. Linnaeus, early 1700’s “Binomial Nomenclature” Taxonomy Why?. 2. Count Buffon, 1730’s change over time. 3. J. Hutton, mid 1700’s geologist, age of the earth much greater than 6,000 years. Stratification.

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Evolutionary Biology

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  1. Evolutionary Biology I. Introduction A. History 1. C. Linnaeus, early 1700’s “Binomial Nomenclature” Taxonomy Why? 2. Count Buffon, 1730’s change over time 3. J. Hutton, mid 1700’s geologist, age of the earth much greater than 6,000 years Stratification 4. Baron G. Cuvier, early 1800’s Catastrophism 5. J. Lamarck, early 1800’s biologist, “biology” inheritance of acquired characteristics 6. T. Malthus, 1798 economist and clergyman relationship between population growth and the amount of resources 7. C. Lyell, 1830 geologist, uniformitarianism 8. C. Darwin and A. Wallace, 1859 naturalists, natural selection and descent with modification!

  2. B. Evidence 1. Fossil record 2. Taxonomy/Diversity (Biogeographical) Figure 15.13

  3. 3. Comparative Anatomy 4. Comparative Embryology Homologous vs. Analogous Figure 13.5B Figure 13.5A

  4. 5. Comparative Molecular Biology => genetic or protein make-up Figure 14.17

  5. II. Population or Microevolution A. Definition B. Process 1. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Figure 13.9

  6. 2. Mutation 3. Gene Flow Immigration vs. Emigration

  7. 4. Genetic Drift a. Bottleneck Figure 13.11A vs. b.Founder

  8. 5. Natural Selection

  9. C. Modes 2. Stabilizing 3. Disruptive 1. Directional Figure 13.13

  10. D. Trends 1. Gradualistic => slow change over time 2. Punctuational => tempo of the expression Figure 14.11 Figure 14.11

  11. 3. Mosaic => key characteristic Figure 15.12

  12. III. Species or Macroevolution A. Definition B. Process 1. Prezygotic Barriers => habitat, behavioral, temporal, mechanical, or gametic Figure 14.3A

  13. 2. Postzygotic Barriers => viability, fertility, or breakdown Figure 14.3A

  14. C. Modes 2. Sympatric 1. Allopatric Figure 14.7 Figure 14.4A

  15. 3. Parapatric 4. Adaptive Radiation => divide to conquer Figure 14.8

  16. D. Extinction 1. Forces a. Natural b. Man-made

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