Peter Dillon, CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA

1. Australian Progress in Urban Managed Aquifer Recharge - Opening options in water recycling and stormwater use Peter Dillon, CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA OzWater 2012 National Groundwater Workshop , Sydney 10 May 2012

2. Demand management Over-exploited aquifer Supply augmentationvia MAR high Use recharge credit Demand for water and value of water Build recharge credit low dry wet Rainfall Why consider MAR ? • Increase water storage & security • Low cost water supply • Replenish depleted aquifers • Saline intrusion barrier • Evaporation, algae & mosquito avoidance • Harvest low security water to make high security supplies • Turns wasted water into a resource • Aquifers provide extra protective barrier • Public confidence in water supplies via MAR ie. a fundamental tool for integrated water resources management Equilibrium demand supply

3. Current Status of MAR in Australia CityCurrentPotential GL/yr GL/yr Adelaide 15 60 Alice Springs 0.5 2 Brisbane ? Canberra ? Melbourne 0.1 100 Perth 1.5+ >250 Sydney ? ? SA Regional towns 3 15 Other urban ? National urban 20 >400 Primary Industries: Current: Qld. Burdekin irrig. 40GL/yr; WA Pilbara mining 20GL/yr; .... 60 GL/yr Potential: Qld/NSW CSG assoc water, <80GL/yr; national irrigation ? ... > 400 GL/yr

4. Gnangara Groundwater Mound, Perth Storage decline of 500GL over 25 years

5. ASTR, Beenyup Groundwater Replenishment Trial, WA Images from Water Corporation

6. from Dillon et al (2009) Waterlines No 13. NWC

7. Inj. Well Rec. Well Fresh Mixture Saline ASTR: MAR and Stormwater Use Options www.clw.csiro.au/astr

8. Managed Aquifer Recharge and Stormwater Use Options Project (MARSUO) - Objectives • Provide accurate information to assess the range of stormwater use options for Adelaide addressing safety, economics, environmental impacts, infrastructure impacts and community acceptance. • Provide NWC with foundational information for nationally applicable methodology to support high valued uses of stormwater with specific immediate application in Adelaide

9. MARSUO Activities Insert theme name

10. Direct Costs of Water Supply/Demand Options– Sydney, Adelaide, Perth, Newcastle Stormwater ASR Source:Marsden Jacob Analysis based on water supply plans for Sydney, Adelaide, Perth, Newcastle. Lower bound of indirect potable reuse estimate based on Toowoomba.

11. Know the catchment

13. What options? OPTION 11 STORMWATER  AQUIFER RESERVOIR TREATMENTPLANT DRINKING

14. Stormwater Use Options

15. Aquifer replenishment in CSG industry ~340 GL which could be used for multiple beneficial use projects Slide courtesy of Santos We have the Energy

16. MAR policy matrix CSIRO. MAR: Policy and Institutional analysis

17. MAR Water Resources Policy Framework CSIRO. MAR: Policy and Institutional analysis

18. Information on MAR.. • introduction 2009 • NWQMS guidelines 2009 • case studies 2010 • a policy framework 2011 • state of progress report 2012 • technical overviews eg EC/IWA 2012 2009 2011 2012 2009 2010 2010

19. Facilitators for implementing MAR & Progress POOR SA, WA, VIC, NT ACT, VIC SA, WA Vic, WA, SA NATIONAL POOR • Hydrogeological mapping to give intending proponents an initial appraisal of the potential for MAR • Demonstration projects that allow proponents and regulators to develop skills • Water resources plans that account for all costs and benefits of new alternative supplies • Greater awareness of costs of MAR in relation to alternatives • An emerging framework for water resources planning and regulation that takes account of MAR • Confidence engendered by national guidelines for MAR • Publically accessible information on MAR to allow knowledge to accumulate

20. Conclusions: Australia’s Groundwater Challenges: MAR Past • getting MAR considered and established in absence of information • investing in enough research to produce the basics Present • have Guidelines, policy framework, demo projects, but implementation has only reached 5% of potential – sources of future funding? • natural systems competing with engineered systems – challenge is to allowing time for investigations before major water supply decisions Future • NRM agencies applying MAR as g/w management strategy -capabilities for active role and establishment of water banks and g/w user groups • Revision of MAR and G/W protection GLs for pathogen fate • implementation of bank filtration, saline intrusion barriers (demos) • Getting surface water and groundwater caps in place to benefit from recharge of unconfined aquifers for agriculture

21. Information sources on MAR Australian Guidelines for Managed Aquifer Recharge http://www.ephc.gov.au/taxonomy/term/39 Managed aquifer recharge case study risk assessments (Page et al. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report, Dec 2010, 144p) http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/waterforahealthycountry/2010/wfhc-MAR-case-study-risk-assessments.pdf Robust policies for MAR Waterlines Report No 38, January 2011 (National Water Commission, Australia) http://nwc.gov.au/publications/waterlines/robust-policy-design-for-managed-aquifer-recharge Managed Aquifer Recharge: An Introduction Waterlines Report No 13, February 2009 (National Water Commission, Australia) http://nwc.gov.au/publications/waterlines/waterlines-13 Progress in Managed Aquifer Recharge in Australia Waterlines Report No 73, March 2012 (National Water Commission, Australia) http://nwc.gov.au/publications/waterlines/73 MARSUO – MAR and Stormwater Use Options Research project web site http://www.csiro.au/science/MAR-Stormwater-Use-Options.html IAH-MAR web site (major reports, conference info, join the email list, searchable references) www.iah.org/recharge

22. IAH –MAR International Association of Hydrogeologists Commission on Management of Aquifer Recharge www.iah.org/recharge Aim: Safe, sustainable recharge enhancement Methods: web site, web searchable publications database, email list, conferences, projects, working groups : • publications – ‘strategies to enhance recharge in arid and semi-arid areas’ • training programs • inventory • regulations

23. Contact Us Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176 Email: enquiries@csiro.au Web: www.csiro.au Thank you CSIRO Land and Water Peter Dillon Leader, Water Recycling and Diversified Supply Phone: 08 8303 8714 Mobile: 0419 820 927 Email: peter.dillon@csiro.au Web: http://www.csiro.au/science/Recycling-and-Diversified-Supply.html

24. Types of MAR

25. Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies (2008) Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse (2009) Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009) Water Recycling Phase 2 Water Recycling - Phase 1 (2006) Drinking Water (2004) Fresh and Marine Water Quality (2000) Groundwater Protection (1995) Water Quality Monitoring (2000) Policies and Principles (1994) National Water Quality Management Strategy

26. Australian Innovation - Technology • ASR/ASTR with stormwater and recycled water • Water quality – • geochemical evaluation, • pathogen attenuation, • aquifer microbial ecology, • Presence and fate of trace organics , • metal mobilisation • modelling reactive contaminant behaviour • Operational – • clogging management, • enhancing recovery efficiency in brackish aquifers, • risk assessment • risk management systems • Current research: MARSUO (MAR & Stormwater Use Options)

27. and engagement.. AusAID MAR workshop New Delhi 8 NWC AGWR workshops 2 MARSUO focus groups satellite sites risk assessment workshop NCGRT MAR course Insert theme name