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Understanding and Improving Response Rates in the Labour Force Survey: A Refusal Follow-Up Study

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This report examines the declining response rates in the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the associated data quality issues. Factors influencing response rates include interview length, external shocks, and changes in survey design. A refusal follow-up study was conducted to understand the characteristics of non-respondents and their reasons for refusal. The study aims to assess non-response bias and enhance fieldwork strategies. Key findings show that non-response can significantly impact estimates related to ethnicity and household type. Recommendations for improvement include interviewer training and incentivizing participation.

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Understanding and Improving Response Rates in the Labour Force Survey: A Refusal Follow-Up Study

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  1. The Labour Force Survey – Data Quality Issues Matthew Steel

  2. Data Quality Issues • Response rates • Factors • Improving response • Research • Refusal follow-up study • Future work

  3. Response rates

  4. Factors affecting response • Falling contact rates • Increasing interview length • Respondents less willing • External shocks • Reduced budgets • Change in survey design

  5. Improving response • Interviewer training • Incentives • Questionnaire reviews • Varying calling patterns • Survey materials • IT infrastructure

  6. Research • Analysis of attrition bias • Analysis on key estimates • Analysis of paradata • Refusal follow-up study

  7. Refusal follow-up study - Introduction Study:Eurostat funded project - result of one of the recommendations of the Quality Task Force Review of the LFS, to collect information on the characteristics of non-respondents in order to assess and adjust for non-response bias and to improve fieldwork strategies. Issue • Declining response rates: - August 2011 64% response rate at wave 1 - 10 years ago 75% in wave 1 • Key LFS estimates - sensitive to ethnicity, household type and nationalityBut – these are not included in the calibration totals

  8. Refusal follow-up study - Introduction • Therefore, if achieved sample proportions of…- ethnic groups- household groups- national groups… …are not representative of those proportions in…- allocated sample - population… …then the estimates derived from the LFS may be biased. • RFU survey aimed to:- identify whether key characteristics of responders and non-responders differentiate- identify if RFU group reasons for refusal differ to general refusing group

  9. Refusal follow-up study – Data Collection Mainstage RFU exercise:- Main and boost LFS survey - Wave 1 and outright/HQ refusals only- April to June 2011 LFS questionnaire Data collected in 4 ways… • Face-to-face • Telephone Unit (wave 1) • Survey Enquiry Line (SEL) • Self completion Face-to-face (left at doorstep) SEL (posted to respondent) Questionnaire process:- Interviewer/ SEL attempt achieve LFS interview- Not possible, offer RFU as last resort

  10. RFU Letter RFU Questionnaire

  11. Refusal follow-up study – Response Rate • Total AJ11 outright refusals and HQ refusals = 4,137 • LFS RFU respondents = 787 • LFS RFU response rate = 19 % • ONS received responses from each of the 4 methods • No interviewer estimate data was allowed, for:- Ethical reasons- Accuracy/ validity reasons

  12. Refusal follow-up study – Analysis • LFS collected data on all members of household • LFS RFU collected data:- Fully on one member of household - Partially on all other members • Therefore, comparisons between LFS and LFS RFU enabled by…- Selection of one random adult from each LFS responding household- Selection of full data respondent from LFS RFU- Created analysis dataset containing both

  13. Refusal follow-up study – Reasons for refusal Percentage comparison of reasons for RFU and LFS

  14. Refusal follow-up study - Characteristic comparisons of LFS and RFU respondents Age

  15. Refusal follow-up study - Characteristic comparisons of LFS and RFU respondents Sex

  16. Refusal follow-up study - Characteristic comparisons of LFS and RFU respondents Nationality

  17. Refusal follow-up study - Characteristic comparisons of LFS and RFU respondents Ethnicity

  18. Refusal follow-up study - Characteristic comparisons of LFS and RFU respondents Household type

  19. Refusal follow-up study - Characteristic comparisons of LFS and RFU respondents Workless households

  20. Refusal follow-up study - bias • Aim? - to determine whether bias exists in LFS data • How?- Created 1 weight for LFS responders and RFU combined dataset, and - Created 1 weight for LFS responders dataset only (excluding RFU cases) • Analysis?- Investigated whether proportions in data differed when RFU group included

  21. This indicates:- potential bias in the current estimates from a sample that included these ‘refusers’ in the LFS - or that the current LFS estimates are themselves potentially biased. Refusal follow-up study – bias investigations

  22. Refusal follow-up study - Caveats • LFSRFU data collected from one adult per residence • LFSRFU sample may not be representative of all ‘refusers’ to LFS • Not possible to produce standard errors in comparing the two weighted datasets.

  23. Future work • Continue to monitor • Census non-response link study • Regularly review length of survey • Data collection modes • Non-response weights

  24. Contact details LFS Research Team: nina.parry-langdon@ons.gsi.gov.uk debra.leaker@ons.gsi.gov.uk matthew.steel@ons.gsi.gov.uk Social Survey Data Service: socialsurveys@ons.gsi.gov.uk

  25. Questions?

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