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COMMUNICATE!

COMMUNICATE!. Chapter 2 Perception of Self and Others. Learning Outcomes. LO1 Discover how the perception process works LO2 Examine how self-perception is formed and maintained LO3 Describe how we form perceptions of others

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COMMUNICATE!

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  1. COMMUNICATE! Chapter 2 Perception of Self and Others

  2. Learning Outcomes LO1 Discover how the perception process works LO2 Examine how self-perception is formed and maintained LO3 Describe how we form perceptions of others LO4 Discuss how to increase the accuracy of our perception of self and others LO5 Analyze how perception influences and is influenced by communication

  3. LO1 • Discover how the perception process works

  4. Perception The process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it. LO1

  5. Attention and Selection Choice of sensory stimuli depends on: • Needs • Interests • Expectations LO1

  6. Organization Number of stimuli we attend to is substantial. Brain organizes stimuli using: • Simplicity • Pattern LO1

  7. Interpretation As the brain selects and organizes information, it also interprets the information by assigning meaning to it. LO1

  8. Dual Processing • Our capacity to take in and process information is limited • Mind developed two-pronged approach • Automatic processing – heuristics • Conscious processing - deliberative LO1

  9. LO2 • Examine how self-perception is formed and maintained

  10. Perception of Self LO2 • Self-perception • Overall view we have of ourselves • Self-concept • Perception of our skills, abilities, etc. • Self-esteem • Evaluation we make about our personal worthiness based on self-concept

  11. Self-Concept LO2 • Personal experiences critical to forming • Positive first experiences • Negative first experiences

  12. Self-Concept LO2 • Shaped by how others react and respond to us • Use comments to validate or alter perceptions • Feedback may reveal abilities never before associated with ourselves • Reactions from someone we respect are more powerful

  13. Ideal Self-Concept LO2 • As interact with others, form ideal self-concept • What we would like to be

  14. Self-Esteem LO2 • Our positive or negative evaluation of our competencies and traits • Importance we place on what we do well or poorly

  15. Cultural Norms and Self-Perceptions LO2 • Cultural norms play a critical role in shaping self-concept and self-esteem • Independent-self perceptions • Based on belief traits internal to person • Interdependent-self perceptions • Based on belief traits that are specific to a particular context or relationship

  16. Cultural Norms and Self-Perceptions Cultural norms play a role in shaping self-perception around masculine and feminine self-perception. LO2

  17. Cultural Norms and Self-Perceptions • Some people involved in more than one cultural group • May develop both types of self-perception • Switch “cultural frames” LO2

  18. Accuracy and Distortion • Incongruence • Self-fulfilling prophecies • Filtering messages • Media images LO2

  19. LO5 • Discuss how perception influences and is influenced by communication

  20. Self-Perception and Communication LO5 • Self-talk • Internal conversation have with ourselves • Positive self-perception = positive self-talk • Negative self-perception = negative self-talk

  21. Self-Perception and Communication LO5 • Talk about others • Positive self-perception = take credit for success • Self-perceptions influence how we talk about ourselves with others

  22. Self-Perception and Communication LO5 • Influences how talk about others to ourselves • More accurate self-perception = more likely to perceive others accurately • More positive self-perception = more likely to see others favorably

  23. Self-Perception and Communication LO5 • Social construction of self • Presenting different aspects of self-concept based on situation and people involved

  24. Self-Perception and Communication LO5 • Self-monitoring • Internal process of being aware of how coming across to others and adjusting behavior

  25. Changing Self-Perceptions • Fairly enduring characteristics, but can be changed • Therapy and self-help techniques • Improving self-perception will improve how you interact with others and, thus, your self-perception LO5

  26. LO3 • Describe how we form perceptions of others

  27. Uncertainty Reduction LO3 • Theory that explains how individuals monitor social environment to know more about themselves and others • As reduce uncertainty, become more comfortable

  28. Forming Impressions LO3 • Physical appearance • Implicit personality theory • Assumed similarity

  29. Making Attributions LO3 • Reasons give for others and own behavior • Situational attribution • Dispositional attribution

  30. Inaccurate and Distorted Perceptions LO3 • Selective perception • Forced consistency • Prejudice • Stereotypes • Discrimination

  31. LO4 • Discuss how to increase the accuracy of our perception of self and others

  32. Improving Perceptions LO4 • Question accuracy of perceptions. • Use conscious processing. • Seek more information. • Realize perceptions will change over time. • Seek clarification by perception checking.

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