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Exploring the Significance of Crossing Over, Telomeres, and Genetic Disorders

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This article delves into the intriguing concepts of crossing over in genetics, telomeres, and their implications in cellular aging and cancer. It explains the process of crossing over, its advantages, and how telomeres function as protective caps on chromosomes, shortening with each cell division. We also discuss the connection between telomeres and stress, illustrated by the case of Dolly the sheep, who faced early aging. Furthermore, we explore genetic disorders like Down Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome, along with techniques such as karyotyping to identify chromosomal abnormalities.

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Exploring the Significance of Crossing Over, Telomeres, and Genetic Disorders

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  1. Genetic applications

  2. Crossing over • What is crossing over? • Is there an advantage to this?

  3. Telomeres • What are they? • Caps at the ends of chromosomes • Scientists have determined that telomeres reduce in length each time a cell goes through the cell cycle and divides • How is this related to stress? http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/stress-can-alter-your-genome

  4. Dolly • Dolly developed arthritis and died at the age of six • How do telomeres help explain this? (pg. 570) • Perhaps since Dolly was cloned from already aged cells the telomeres were shorter in length

  5. Cancer • What is cancer anyway? • Uncontrolled cell divisions= called metastasis • This is why there is no ‘cure’ or ‘vaccine’ because the cells are your own • How does it relate to telomeres? • they do not lose their ability to divide and their telomere length is also maintained

  6. Abnormal Meiosis • Nondisjunction • Polyploidy • Trisomy • Monosomy

  7. Disorders • Klinefelter • Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) • Turner • Trisomic female

  8. Identification • Karyotype chart: map of homologous chromosomes in order; contains 23 sets • #23 are the sex chromsomes

  9. Karotyping

  10. Problem?

  11. Problem?

  12. You try • Pg. 585 Exercise 1 and Practice #1 on pg. 586

  13. Tomorrow- possibilities • Microscopes • DNA extraction • Review

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