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Comprehension Instruction. Sharon Walpole University of Delaware Michael C. McKenna Georgia Southern University. Our Goal: Build Real Literacy. The knowledge and skills that allow all children, from all families, to read and write authentic texts for authentic purposes.
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Comprehension Instruction Sharon Walpole University of Delaware Michael C. McKenna Georgia Southern University
Our Goal: Build Real Literacy The knowledge and skills that allow all children, from all families, to read and write authentic texts for authentic purposes
Comprehension It’s the one thing we all agree on as the most important goal in reading instruction So why is it so difficult?
History of the World Chess Championship
In the mid-1800s there was no official champion. Three players felt they had a legitimate claim to the title, however. One was Paul Morphy, an American. The other two, Howard Staunton and Adolf Anderssen, were Europeans. Morphy challenged each and defeated Anderssen. Unfortunately, Staunton died before a match could be arranged, and Morphy then decided to give up chess forever! This left the championship in doubt until the emergence of Wilhelm Steinitz, an Austrian master. Because he defeated all serious challengers, Steinitz is considered the first world champion. In 1894, he lost the title to Emanuel Lasker, a German. Lasker held it for 27 years before losing to the great Cuban player, Jose Capablanca, in 1921. Just six years later, Alexander Alexhine, a Russian, defeated him. Alexhine unscrupulously chose only weak opponents, but in 1935 he miscalculated by deciding to play Max Euwe, a young Dutch player. Euwe beat Alexhine but lost a return match two years later. Alexhine hung onto the title until his death in 1946.
Comprehension Question In what year did Capablanca lose the title?
Mid 1800s Morphy Staunton Anderssen
Mid 1800s Morphy Staunton Anderssen
Mid 1800s Morphy Staunton Anderssen
Morphy Anderssen Mid 1800s
Morphy Morphy Anderssen Mid 1800s
Morphy Morphy Anderssen Mid 1800s
Morphy Steinitz Morphy Anderssen Mid 1800s
Morphy Morphy Steinitz Anderssen Lasker Mid 1800s 1894
Morphy Morphy Steinitz Anderssen Lasker Lasker Mid 1800s 1894
Lasker Capablanca 1921
Lasker Capablanca Capablanca 1921
Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Capablanca 1921 1927 1935
Alexhine Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Capablanca 1921 1927 1935
Alexhine Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Capablanca Euwe 1921 1927 1935
Alexhine Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Euwe Capablanca Euwe 1921 1927 1935
Alexhine Alexhine Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Euwe Capablanca Euwe 1921 1927 1935 1937
Alexhine Alexhine Alexhine Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Euwe Capablanca Euwe 1921 1927 1935 1937
Alexhine Alexhine Alexhine Alexhine Lasker Capablanca Euwe Capablanca Euwe 1921 1927 1935 1937 1946
Euwe Botvinnik • • • Botvinnik
Euwe Botvinnik Spassky • • • Botvinnik 1972
Euwe Botvinnik Spassky • • • Fischer Botvinnik 1972
Euwe Botvinnik Spassky Fischer • • • Fischer Botvinnik 1972 1975
Euwe Botvinnik Spassky Fischer Karpov • • • Fischer Botvinnik 1972 1975
In 1946, the World Chess Federation (FIDE) seized the opportunity to regulate title matches. It was decided that every three years the champion would have to play the world’s most deserving challenger, determined by a complex play-off system. To serve the immediate need for a world champion, an invitational tournament was held. Max Euwe, the only former champion still living, played but did not win. The winner was Mikhail Botvinnik, a Russian. He was the first of a new breed of Soviet champions, given special incentives and training because of the propaganda value of chess. Three years later, Botvinnik had to defend his title against a very strong opponent – from Russia, of course! The title changed hands several times over next few the years, but the champion was always a Russian. Then, in 1972, an American, Bobby Fischer, defeated champion Boris Spassky for the title. Fischer had many complaints about how title matches should be held. When it came time for him to defend his title against challenger Anatoly Karpov in 1975, he refused to play and was stripped of the title.
Comprehension Questions How many years between matches? Who was the first Soviet champion? Whom did Fischer beat?
Today’s Goals • What is comprehension? • How do we assess it? • How might we teach it in the K-3 classroom? • How do we help teachers develop their expertise? • How can you increase the quality of comprehension instruction for your reading program?
