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SOCIOLOGY THEORY

SOCIOLOGY THEORY. Functionalist: Parson’s Model (Institutions exist because they serve some function consistent with the need of society). 1. Economic 2. Political 3. Family 4. Religion. Parson’s Model and The Early Olympic Games. Various Games? Dominate Institution? Role of Sport?.

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SOCIOLOGY THEORY

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  1. SOCIOLOGY THEORY • Functionalist: Parson’s Model (Institutions exist because they serve some function consistent with the need of society). • 1. Economic • 2. Political • 3. Family • 4. Religion

  2. Parson’s Model and The Early Olympic Games Various Games? Dominate Institution? Role of Sport?

  3. Characteristics of Some Social Institutions • Family • Economy • Politics • Religion • Sport • Education

  4. C. Wright Mills: Power Elite • Identify FIVE “Powerful” Persons in the world! • What is the “common” ground?

  5. Power Elite • Power: economic, political, military • Interlocking directorates • Centralized domains( CEO, Joint Chiefs) • Wealth, power and prestige are cumulative

  6. Access to College? The Price Of Admission? • Legacy • Athletics • Development Activities • Faculty/ Staff Children

  7. Economic Dominance • 1. Value things over people • 2. Value quantity over quality • 3. Value competition over cooperation • 4. Value specialization over wholeness • 5. Unequal distribution of power • 6. Use of conflict to change unequal • power relations (war, boycotts)

  8. Political Dominance • 1. Relationship between nationalism and education • 2. Inequality in education- social class • 3. History and Nationalism important • 4.Concern for the character of teachers

  9. Conflict Theory (Dahrendorf,1959) • Society and its’ institutions are not perceived in a beneficial, supportive light by all members of the social system • For every belief (or thesis), there is a contrary belief ( anti-thesis). • Conflict is inherent between the two • From conflict comes compromise • Compromise-seed for new conflict

  10. Conflict Theory • Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat • Sport is an opiate • Theory is not as popular as Functionalism • Sport- distorted form of physical exercise shaped by the needs of a capitalist system of production • Job-production-marketing-sales • Service workers have little control

  11. Alienation • Sport services to alienate people from their own bodies • Focus on time and output rather than individual standards. Rules destroy freedom of play • Commercialized sport reduces athletes to material commodities • Sport is a product to be consumed

  12. Social Exchange Theory (after WW11) • Service • Benefits • Network Structure • Ties Between People • Primary and Secondary “Stars”

  13. Network Structure • Barnes (1954): “Social Fields” looked at relationships of people in Norwegian parish (oil factories, fishing vessels). • Mitchell (1969): Characteristics of networks: • Reach ability: behavior influenced by others • Density : “Close- knit” • Directedness: Friendship not reciprocated • Frequency: Regularity of contact • Anchorage

  14. Network Model

  15. Understanding Network Ties

  16. Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital (Putman,1995) • Social capital: Social organizations such as networks, norms, and social trust- cooperation for mutual benefit • Civic Engagement: In the past year have you? Attend a public meeting, attend a political party meeting, attend a public speech, served on a community board.

  17. Bowling Alone • Between 1980-1993 the number of leagues in US has increase by 10%. At the same time, the number of participants have decreased. • Solo bowling: Threat to proprietors- beer, pizza sales. Money generated in these two area!!

  18. Bowling Alone: Ties Between Social Connectedness, Civic Engagement and Associational Membership • Relationship between social trust and association membership: data support • List your association memberships • Why did you join? • Who do you talk to on a daily bases? • What do you talk about? • Are you expected to talk to this person?

  19. Coach and Community Ties Developing Network Structures

  20. Observation of Basketball Players (High School) • Playground • Jr. High Team • Intramurals • P.E. Classes • Summer Camp(s) • Community Sport • Tryout for Varsity Team

  21. Informed About Basketball Players (High school): Networks • Playground Leader • Asst. Coach • Jr. High Coach • Fellow Coach • Newspaper • Booster Club • Telephone Call • Present Member of Team

  22. Strong and Weak Network Structures • Strong: Size of school, extensive support systems ( community groups, economical, political, religious, media) • Weak: Small schools, few network support systems ( community, media, political, economical)

  23. Geography Of America Sport: Networks at Work

  24. Sp. Ill. Dec. 27,2004

  25. Marketing

  26. Marketing

  27. WVU Alumni Networks

  28. Exchange of Athletes: Track (1987)

  29. Functionalist 1. Social Order based on common values 2. How do social systems continue to operate smoothly? 3. Sport benefits society Conflict 1. Social order based on exploitation 2. How is power distributed? 3. Sport is an opiate-sport lacks elements of play Summary

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