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Arthropods

Arthropods. Week 6. Phylum: Arthropoda. Common name = arthropods Ex. Insects, spiders, crabs, shrimp, centipedes, lobsters, ticks. Monday . Arthropods. Arthropods have: Segmented body Head Thorax Abdomen Tough exoskeleton made of chitin Jointed appendages. ⇛. Cephalothorax.

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Arthropods

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  1. Arthropods

  2. Week 6 Phylum: Arthropoda • Common name = arthropods • Ex. Insects, spiders, crabs, shrimp, centipedes, lobsters, ticks Monday

  3. Arthropods • Arthropods have: • Segmented body • Head • Thorax • Abdomen • Tough exoskeleton made of chitin • Jointed appendages ⇛ Cephalothorax

  4. Evolution of Arthropods • Led to • Fewer appendages • Few segments • Highly specialized appendages • Antennae • Pincers • Walking legs • Flippers • Claws

  5. Feeding • Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores • Bloodsuckers, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites • Mouthparts range from pinchers to fangs to sickle-shaped jaws depending on diet

  6. Respiration • Terrestrial • Breathe thru a network of branching tracheal tubes • Air enters through spiracles = little openings along body • Spiders uses book lungs • Aquatic • Featherlike gills • Horseshoe crabs have book gills

  7. Circulation • Open circulatory system • Well-developed heart

  8. Excretion • Terrestrial • Malpighian tubules = saclike organs that extract wastes from the blood and add them to feces (digestive wastes) • Aquatic • Diffusion

  9. Response • Well-developed nervous system • All have a BRAIN

  10. Movement • Muscles are attached to exoskeleton • Pull of muscles against exoskeleton allows arthropods to move • All have jointed appendages

  11. Reproduction • Terrestrial • Internal fertilization • Aquatic • Internal or external fertilization

  12. Growth and Development • Exoskeletons DO NOT GROW, arthropods must MOLT • Molting = arthropod sheds entire exoskeleton and makes a new larger one • Molting arthropods are vulnerable and hide until they are done

  13. Crustaceans • Primarily aquatic • Crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crawfish, barnacles • 2 pairs of branched antennae • 2 or 3 body segments • Chewing mouthparts = mandibles Tuesday

  14. Associated Vocabulary • Cephalothorax = fused body segment consisting of head and thorax • Abdomen • Carapace = part of exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax • Mandible = biting, grinding mouthpart • Chelipeds = claws • Swimmerets = flipper-like appendages for swimming

  15. Chelicerates • 2 body segments • Most have 4 pairs of walking legs • Horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, scorpions

  16. From Prentice Hall Biology, 2006

  17. Eyelash mites Demodex folliculorum

  18. Brown Recluse

  19. Black Widow

  20. Associated Vocabulary • Chelicerae = mouthparts with fangs for stabbing and paralyzing prey • Pedipalps =mouthparts for grabbing prey • Book lungs • Book gills • Spinnerets = organs in spiders that contain silk glands for spinning webs

  21. Uniramians • Contains more species than all other animal groups combined! • Jaws • 1 pair of antennae • Unbranched appendages • Insects, centipedes, millipedes

  22. Centipedes and Millipedes • Millipedes • Highly segmented body • 2 pairs of legs per segment • Live under rocks and decaying logs • Roll up or secrete toxins for defense • Centipedes • 1 pair of legs per segment • Carnivorous and venomous • Live under rocks or in soil in humid areas

  23. Insects • 3 body segments = head, thorax, abdomen • 3 pairs of legs • 1 pair of antennae • 1 pair of compound eyes • 2 pairs of wings Wednesday

  24. Insects are the largest class of animals!

  25. Response to Stimuli • Compound eyes with many lenses detect tiny movements and color changes • Chemical receptors on mouthparts, legs and antennae (taste/smell) • Well-developed ears (grasshoppers have ears on their legs!)

  26. Adaptations for Feeding • 3 pairs of appendages used as mouthparts • Mandibles to saw/grind (ex. ant) • Tube-like mouthpart to suck nectar (ex. moth) • Sponge-like mouthpart to lap up food (e. fly) • Digestive enzymes in saliva • Bee saliva changes nectar from flowers into honey

  27. Movement and Flight • 3 pairs of legs • Walking, jumping, capturing/holding prey • Many species have spines or hooks on legs • 2 pairs of wings made of chitin • Evolution of flight allowed insects to disperse long distances and colonize many habitats

  28. Metamorphosis • Process of changing shape and form • Complete metamorphosis • Egg-larva-pupa-adult • Larva looks nothing like adult • Incomplete metamorphosis • Egg-nymph-adult • Nymphs look like adults Advantage = larva and adults don’t compete for resources

  29. Beneficial Honey Wax Pollination Silk Food Harmful Damage wood Damage clothes Stings Crop damage Disease Insects and Humans

  30. Insect Communication • Audio • Crickets • Visual • Fireflies • Chemical • Bees • Pheromones

  31. Insect Societies • Society = a group of closely related animals of the same species that work together for the benefit of the whole group • Bees • Ants • Termites • Castes = groups of individuals that perform specific functions

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