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Patterns of Actor and Partner Effects

Patterns of Actor and Partner Effects. David A. Kenny. You need to know the Actor Partner Interdependence Model!. APIM. APIM Patterns: Couple Model. Model Equal actor and partner effects: a = p

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Patterns of Actor and Partner Effects

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  1. Patterns of Actor and Partner Effects David A. Kenny

  2. You need to know the Actor Partner Interdependence Model! APIM

  3. APIM Patterns: Couple Model • Model • Equal actor and partner effects: a = p • e.g., my depressive symptoms has the same effect on my quality of life as does my partner’s depressive symptoms on my quality of life • Average or sum as the predictor • Although measured individually, the predictor variable is a “dyadic” variable, not an individual one

  4. APIM Patterns: Contrast • Model • Actor plus partner effects equals zero: a – p = 0 • Klumb et al. (2006): time spent doing household labor on stress levels • The more household labor I do, the more stressed I feel. • The more household labor my partner does, the less stress I feel. • Difference score (actor X minus partner X) as the predictor

  5. APIM Patterns: Actor or Partner Only • Actor Only • Actor present but no partner effect • Fix the partner effect to zero. • Partner Only • Partner present but no partner effect • Fix the actor effect to zero. • Relatively rare.

  6. Testing Patterns • Multilevel Modeling • Sum and difference approach • Structural Equation Modeling • Setting coefficients equal • Use of phantom variables • General approach to patterns: k

  7. Sum and DifferenceApproach • Remove the actor and partner variables from the model. • Add to the model the Sum and the Difference score as predictors. • If Sum is present, but not the Difference, you have a couple model. • If Sum is not present, but the Difference is, you have a contrast model.

  8. Acitelli Example • Distinguishable • Husbands • Sum: 0.392, p < .001 • Difference: 0.131, p = .088 • Wives • Sum: 0.373, p < .001 • Difference: 0.001, p = .986 • Indistinguishable • Sum: 0.344, p < .001 • Difference: 0.056, p = .052

  9. Testing the Couple Model Using SEM • Actor effect equal to the partner effect. • Can be done by setting paths equal. • Distinguishable dyads a1 = p12 and a2 = p21 • Indistinguishable dyads a = p

  10. Acitelli Example • Distinguishable • Husbands: 0.346 • Wives: 0.347 • Test: c2(2) = 4.491, p = .106 • Indistinguishable • Effect: 0.344 • Test: c2(1) = 3.803, p = .051

  11. Testing the Contrast Model Using SEM • Actor effect equal to the partner effect times minus 1. • Can be done by using a phantom variable. • Phantom variable • No conceptual meaning • Forces a constraint • Latent variable • No disturbance

  12. Contrast Constraint Forced by Phantom Variables (P1 and P2) • Now the indirect effect from X2 to Y1, p12 equals (-1)a1 X1 a1 Y1 1 E1 -1 a2 P1 a1 P2 -1 X2 Y2 1 E2 a2

  13. Acitelli Example c2(2) = 69.791, p < .001

  14. Conclusion Using patterns can link the APIM to theory and simplify the model. The k parameter is a general way to measure and test patterns Readings pp. 147-149, in Dyadic Data Analysis by Kenny, Kashy, and Cook Kenny & Cook, (1999), Personal Relationships, 6, pp. 433-448.

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