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SURVEILANS KESEHATAN KERJA & PENGUMPULAN DATA MATA AJARAN: DASAR K3

SURVEILANS KESEHATAN KERJA & PENGUMPULAN DATA MATA AJARAN: DASAR K3. DR. Robiana Modjo, SKM, MKes Dept. K3 FKMUI bian@ui.ac.id. Definisi. Manfaat data surveilens. Menyajikan estimasi kuantitatif besar masalah kesehatan Menggambarkan riwayat alamiah penyakit Mendeteksi epidemik

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SURVEILANS KESEHATAN KERJA & PENGUMPULAN DATA MATA AJARAN: DASAR K3

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  1. SURVEILANS KESEHATAN KERJA & PENGUMPULAN DATAMATA AJARAN: DASAR K3 DR. Robiana Modjo, SKM, MKes Dept. K3 FKMUI bian@ui.ac.id

  2. Definisi

  3. Manfaat data surveilens • Menyajikan estimasi kuantitatif besar masalah kesehatan • Menggambarkan riwayat alamiah penyakit • Mendeteksi epidemik • Pendokumentasian distribusi dan penyebaran peristiwa kesehatan

  4. Manfaat data surveilens • Memfasilitasi riset epidemiologik dan laboratorium • Pengujian hipotesis • Evaluasi ukuran pemberantasan dan pencegahan • Pemantauan perubahan agen infeksius

  5. Manfaat data surveilens • Deteksi perubahan dalam praktek kesehatan • Perencanaan

  6. Examples of Surveillance Objectives Dysentery Polio Malaria AIDS Tuberculosis To detect outbreaks of dysentery by monitoring the incidence of cases of acute bloody diarrhoea To monitor progress towards polio eradication by monitoring the incidence of poliomyelitis where wild poliovirus is isolated in children under 14 years To monitor the incidence of laboratory confirmed malaria including the incidence of disease due to P. falciparum and associated antiparasitic resistance. To measure the incidence of AIDS cases so that future trends may be predicted and health services planned To monitor the ability of the TB programme to detect cases, ensure treatment completion and cure

  7. SURVEILENS KESEHATAN KERJA • DATA FAKTOR RISIKO LINGKUNGAN KERJA • DATA PEMANTAUAN HIGIENE INDUSTRI • DATA PEMANTAUAN ERGONOMI • DATA PEMANTAUAN PSIKOSOSIAL • DATA PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN SEBELUM BEKERJA, BERKALA, KHUSUS, RETURN TO WORK, PHK/PENSIUN • ANALISIS & KOMUNIKASI TREND FAKTOR RISIKO & STATUS KESEHATAN, HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR RISIKO & EFEK KESEHATAN

  8. SUMBER DATA • Data Primer • Pengukuran Personal • Pengukuran Lingkungan • Data Sekunder • Data Hasil Pemeriksaan Kesehatan • Data Hasil Laboratorium • Data Hasil Pengukuran • Data SDM

  9. Data Primer • Pengukuran Personal • Noise dosimeter • Personal dust sampler • Pengukuran dengan Spirometer • Pengukuran logam berat di urine & darah • Pengukuran Lingkungan • Kebisingan di lingkungan kerja • Debu di lingkungan kerja • Temperatur di lingkungan kerja • Logam berat di lingkungan kerja

  10. Data Sekunder • Jenis data sama dengan seluruh data primer • Bedanya tidak dilakukan pengambilan data secara langsung oleh kita, data/ informasi didapatkan dari sumber-2 tertentu • Medical Dept/Klinik • SHE Dept • HRD • dll

  11. Sumber Data Pajanan • Data higiene industri • Data ergonomi • Data pengorganisasian pekerjaan & budaya kerja • dll

  12. Pengertian • Pajanan: suatu agent/kondisi yg dpt mempengaruhi kesehatan seseorang bila terjadi kontak dengannya (epidemiologi) • Pemajanan: cenderung berkonotasi kuantitatif vs kualitatif, mis. batas pemajanan • Pengukuran: klasifikasi dari suatu objek & kejadian dgn simbol (angka, huruf, kata) – suatu simbolisasi angka terhadap objek & kejadian berdasarkan aturan – ukuran tertentu

  13. Exposure Assessment • The most elegant design of study will not overcome the damage caused by unreliable or imprecise measurement (Fleiss, 1986)

  14. Tingkat pajanan pekerja • Pajanan rata2 berdasarkan: • Sampel area • Sampel individu (toksikan, BEI mis: • azide iodide pd urine krn karbondisulfida • fenol dalam urine karena benzene) • Berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan pajanan x tahun = person-years • Pajanan sesaat vs pajanan kumulatif

  15. Masalah Penilaian PajananKonsep peny. menular  tdk menular Peny. Menular – berdasarkan aspek mikrobiologi, melalui • Isolasi organisme • Masa laten umumnya pendek • Tes serologis Peny. Tdk Menular • penyebab kompleks --kontribusi 1 penyebab kecil • Masa laten panjang • Pajanan terdahulu sulit dinilai • Multifaktor  sedikit ahli yg menguasai secara keseluruhan • Hasil ukur pajanan  penentu validitas studi epidemilolgi • Dpt timbul ketidak pastian

  16. Klasifikasi Pajanan Pajanan dapat diklasifikasi ke dalam sejumlah karakteristik – yang menentukan pemilihan metode/alat ukur • Karakteristik individu / agen lingkungan? • Data objektif / subjektif? • Pajanan saat ini / yang lalu?

  17. Alat Ukur Pajanan • Angket • Wawancara • Analisis biokimia darah/spesimen biologi lainnya • Analisis lingkungan fisik, kimia, ergonomi, psikososial

  18. Metode Pengukuran Pajanan dalam Epidemiologi

  19. Tujuan Pengukuran Pajanan • Hasil ukur dengan validitas tinggi • Mendapatkan karakteristik pajanan • Sifat pajanan • Variabel yg diukur harus spesifik, sensitif • Rute pajanan oral, nasal, dermal dll. • Cara pengendalian pajanan • Dosis • Konsentrasi di lingkungan • Dosis pajanan kumulatif • Dosis intake • Waktu pajanan • Masa kerja • Masa pajanan • Estimasi pajanan puncak, pajanan rata-rata

  20. Surveillance Guideline INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Surveillance No.: Facility: Date Completed: Activity 1 - Review Health Hazard Assessments Health hazard assessments are performed periodically to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and control occupational health hazards. YesNo N/A ___ ___ ___ 1. Has the hazard assessment been conducted within the following time frames? a. Within one year for industrial areas, research and development facilities, craft shops, etc.? b. Within three years for low-hazard areas such as offices and non-hazardous facilities? c. Within the frequency specified by the senior industrial hygienist for changing work sites such as construction sites and hazardous waste sites? ___ ___ ___2. Does the hazard assessment include analyses of all new designs, operations, processes, materials, and equipment?

  21. Activity 2 - Observe Work Practices The Facility Representative selects work in progress such as routine operations, maintenance, decontamination or decommissioning, construction, or deconstruction for observation. The Facility Representative should select activities that entail occupational health risks such as exposure to hazardous, toxic, or carcinogenic materials or exposure to other physiological hazards such as extreme cold. Before beginning this activity, the Facility Representative should obtain and review documents governing the work such as work packages, administrative procedures, and program documents. YesNo N/A ___ ___ ___ 8. Do the governing documents identify the occupational health hazards that will be encountered by the workers while performing these tasks? ___ ___ ___ 9. Do the work documents specify appropriate hazard prevention and control measures to protect the health of workers? ___ ___ ___ 10. If personal protective equipment such as use of respirators has been mandated, are work conditions such that it is not feasible to limit worker exposure by some other means such as engineering controls or alternative work practices?

  22. Activity 3 - Examine Records The Facility Representative selects specific records regarding recent work projects for examination. As a minimum, the Facility Representative should select work activities that involve personnel monitoring for airborne contaminants, specific surveys to detect hazardous chemicals, and training records. YesNo N/A ___ ___ ___ 17. Are records available documenting the results of exposure monitoring for employees including a description of sampling, analytical methods, and interpretation of results? ___ ___ ___ 18. Do records substantiate that employees were informed of the results of exposure monitoring within 10 working days of receipt of monitoring results? ___ ___ ___ 19. Do exposure monitoring results verify that total exposure to employees was below the applicable threshold limit value for hazardous substances? ___ ___ ___ 20. Do records document the basis for selecting specific employees for exposure monitoring? ___ ___ ___ 21. Do records of surveys for hazardous chemicals identify sampling techniques, areas sampled, and results?

  23. FINDINGS: Finding No.: Description: OBSERVATIONS: Observation No.: Description: FOLLOWUP ITEMS: CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT DEBRIEFED AND RESULTS: Signature: ___________________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____ Facility Representative

  24. SURVEY MEDIK ERGONOMI RESUME PENYAKIT IDENTIFIKASI Nama :…………………………………….…………….. Station kerja : ……………………….Unit kerja :…………………. Departemen:……...………….. Jabatan :……………………. Tanggal : …………………………….Catatan :……………………. ………………………………………. AREA BADAN Gb. Formulir data medik Tangan/pergelangan : Kiri/Kanan Siku : Kiri/Kanan Bahu : Kiri/Kanan Pedoman : Sumber data adalah catatan medik di klinik perusahaan, formulir kelim ganti rugi, dll. Catat semua penyakit otot rangka yang timbul karena pekerjaan yang dapat ditelusi ke station kerja ini. Pindahkan kesimpulan area badan yang terkena ke kotak resume penyakit Leher Pinggang Kaki Area badan yang terkena: ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- Uraian tentang penyakit trauma kumulatif (keluhan, tanda, tindakan)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- Tanggal -----------………..- ------------……….. -----------………... -----------……….. Hari kerja hilang ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Hari kerja dibatasi ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

  25. SURVEY KELUHAN ERGONOMI (SYMPTOMS SURVEY) IDENTIFIKASI RESUME AREA BADAN Tangan/pergelangan : Kiri/kanan Nama :………………………………..Station kerja :………………………….. Unit kerja :…………………………….Departemen :……………………………. Jabatan :…………………………………………………….. Tanggal : ……………………. Catatan :……………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………... Siku : Kiri/Kanan Bahu : Kiri/Kanan Leher Pinggang bawah : Kiri/kanan Pedoman : Isi jawaban atas pertanyaan. Beri tanda pada kotak resume, arena badan yang terlibat. Lengkapi dengan masukan dari operator . Jika kurang tempat untuk jawaban, , gunakan halaman di balik ini. Kaki : Kiri/Kanan Mata : Kiri/Kanan PERTANYAAN : 1. Berapa lama anda telah bekerja pada jabatan ini ? 1-12 bulan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + tahun 2. Sebagai akibat dari mengerjakan jabatan ini, apakah anda merasakan sakit (siang atau malam) pada : a. Tangan , jari atau pergelangan tangan ? Tidak Kiri Kanan b. Siku Tidak Kiri Kanan c. Bahu Tidak Kiri Kanan d. Leher Tidak Kiri Kanan e. Pinggang bawah Tidak Kiri Kanan f. Kaki,lutut atau telapak kaki Tidak Kiri Kanan g. Mata Tidak Kiri Kanan 3. Pernahkan anda berobat ke dokter untuk rasa sakit tersebut nomer 2 ? Tidak Ya 4.Pernahkan anda dioperasi untuk sakit tersebut pada nomer 2 diatas ? Tidak Ya MASUKAN OPERATOR : 1. Apakah tugas yang paling tidak menyenangkan pada jabatan ini ? ………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Menurut pendapat anda, rasa sakit tersebut nomer 2 sebagai akibat apa ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Menurut pendapat anda, perbaikan apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk jabatan ini ? …………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….……………………………

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