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Greenhouses. Designed and Researched by: 1999-00 Greenhouse and Turf Management Class John Koster, Paul Marsh, Jamie Wade, Nick Maneri Dan Dorfee, Jared Neid, Rob Stanley. Oakcrest High School, Mays Landing NJ. Greenhouse.
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Greenhouses Designed and Researched by: 1999-00Greenhouse and Turf Management Class John Koster, Paul Marsh, Jamie Wade, Nick Maneri Dan Dorfee, Jared Neid, Rob Stanley Oakcrest High School, Mays Landing NJ
Greenhouse • Greenhouse location is very important, when placing your green house you must remember you will have to deliver your plant crops at all times of the year. • Keep your greenhouse next to major roads to be sure that they are open through all times of the year to get goods to you’re retailers
What is a greenhouse? • A greenhouse is an area designed to grow plants. • It is a controlled environment which allow optimum growth. • When several of these buildings are joined together they are often referred to as a greenhouse range. • A greenhouse at home is usually attached to the house or the garage.
Location • There are several factors to be considered in establishing a greenhouse range. • A. Room for expansion • 1. Land larger then immediate needs should be acquired. • 2.Area should be added to this figure to accommodate service buildings, storage, and access drivers.
B. Topography • 1. The building site should be as level as possible to reduce the cost of grading. • 2. The site should be also well drained. Due to the vast amount of water in the green house it is always advisable to provide a drainage system. Try to select a site with deep, well drained loam, or sandy loam soil.
3. You should select a site with a natural wind break such as a tree line or a hill. • C. Land use Prediction • 1. Local zoning and tax laws are subject to change brought on by development pressures. Such changes have brought about the termination of many greenhouse business.
D. Climate • 1. The greenhouse site should be selected with specific crops in mind. • E. Accessibility • 1. A site should be selected which has easily accessible shipping routes. • 2. Select a site that isn’t long distance. • 3. Site location is often the deciding factor in the type of fuel used.
Types of Greenhouses Even Span Uneven Span Lean-to Quonset Gothic Arch Curvilinear Dome Shaped
Detached Greenhouses • Detached Greenhouses - freestanding greenhouses that maybe constructed in one of several different styles.
Even Span Greenhouses • A detached greenhouse style that is most commonly used today for single houses or for several houses connected together to form one huge structure. • Usually have clear spans with truss supports rather then supporting columns without the columns the heat closures can be used to conserve energy
Uneven Span Greenhouses • One side of the roof is longer than the other side • When the longer side would face south, the suns heat could be used to maximum advantage • High fuel costs are causing growers to switch back to this type of greenhouse
Lean-to Greenhouses • Built against other greenhouses or building • The roof slopes to one direction usually facing south • Small and may be added to other structures • Used mostly for bulb-forcing or seed starting operations Lean-to-greenhouse: is a half a greenhouse,split along the peak of the roof or ridge. • This type of greenhouse is nice to have when space is a problem.
Quon-set Greenhouses • Used during World War II for storage sheds • inexpensive and easy to buildFreestanding style is often a Quonset. • Quonset is a arch shaped house, a bad thing about theses is the lack of height near the side walls.
Gothic-arch Greenhouses • Not widely used • Framework formed from laminated wooden trusses • The trusses are made up of a bunch of wood glued together • Potted plants are usually grown in this type of greenhouse
Curvilinear Greenhouses • Used in city parks, botanical gardens, and wealthy individuals as conservatories • Was used for large conservation.
Dome shaped greenhouse • Rarely used in the common flower greenhouse, because it is such a small greenhouse. But it is usually found in at technical institutes.
Structure materials • Galvanized steel rods make up the frame . • The frame is covered with sheets of polyurethane with air space in between the two sheets to act as an insulation . • Also glass and polyester can be used.
Greenhouse Materials • Frame work components • Slash-sill provides a base for the glass. • Eave plate sits on side post supports roof members. • Gutter-collect runoff water and take it away from the building. • Drip gutter-condensation that forms on the inside of the glazing go to the ground.
Slash-bars must carry weight of glazing material, snow, and wind. • The bar-caps hold glazing in place located on the exterior of the greenhouse. • Purloins run the length of the greenhouse to support the slash bars • Framing materials must be strong, light, and be able to cast a shadow.
Climate control • The heating requirement of a greenhouse depends on the types of plants in the greenhouse. • The greenhouse heating must be adequate to maintain the desired temperature day or night. • Site location is often the deciding factor in the type of fuel used. In some regions natural gas has been a cheaper source of energy then other fuels.
Climate Control • 1. Heating • The requirement for heating a greenhouse resides in the task of adding heat at the rate of which it is lost. • Heat is lost by conduction. • Unit heaters are often referred to as forced air heaters.
Fuels • There are many types of heating oil, gas, wood, or electric.The heat can be distributed by forced hot air, radiant heat,hot water or steam. • To keep greenhouses warm in the winter install fans to keep the heat circulating .
Air circulation • Without the fans the hot air rises and the cold air settles around the plants. • A small fan that blows 3 feet air in a min. is equal to one quarter of the air volume. • In a small greenhouse you should place the fans diagonally opposite corners the goal is to develop a circular pattern of air movement .
Ventilation • Ventilation is the change from old air to new air. • Natural ventilation is when you have vent in the ridge line of the roof. • Mechanical ventilation - an exhaust fan to move the air out one end of the greenhouse while it is sucked in the other end.
Continue • Ventilation needs may vary because with weather and seasons. • First you must decide how much the greenhouse will be used. • In summer one half the air amount needs to be changed. • In the winter 20 to 30% of air volume changes.
Continue • By using LS screens you can deflect solar radiation as needed. • With a shade retention system you can open the side walls and or roof of the structure .
Water systems • Water is an essential need. • Hand watering is one way • Automatic system can be designed to water as needed. • Time clocks and mechanical evaporation can be used to control watering systems.
