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1914-1918: The World at War

1914-1918: The World at War. Differing Viewpoints. “Family Feud” “Fall of the Eagles” “The War to End All Wars” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”. Causes of the War. 1. The Alliance System. Triple Entente :. Triple Alliance :. Two Armed Camps!. Allied Powers :.

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1914-1918: The World at War

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  1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

  2. Differing Viewpoints • “Family Feud” • “Fall of the Eagles” • “The War to End All Wars” • “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

  3. Causesof theWar

  4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  5. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  6. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  7. Europe in 1914

  8. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

  9. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

  10. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

  11. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

  12. The“Spark”

  13. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

  14. The Assassination: Sarajevo

  15. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

  16. Who’s To Blame?

  17. Inevitability of War • June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria assassinated • July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check” • pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against Russia • July 23, 1914 Austria issues Serbia an ultimatum

  18. Inevitability of War • July 28, 1914 A-H declares war on Serbia • July 29, 1914 Russia orders full mobilization of its troops • August 1,1914 Germany declares war on Russia • August 2, 1914 Germany demands Belgium declare access to German troops

  19. “Belgium is a country, not a road” • King Albert I of Belgium denied permission • August 2, 1914 Germany declared war on France • Why??? • The Schlieffen Plan! • August 4, 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality

  20. The Schlieffen Plan http://youtu.be/lJXAcl8D51Y 4 min

  21. The Schlieffen Plan • Invade western front 1st • After defeating France concentrate on the Eastern front • Avoid fighting a 2 front war

  22. The Schlieffen Plan’s Destructive Nature • Germany made vast encircling movement through Belgium to enter Paris • Underestimated speed of the British mobilization • Quickly sent troops to France

  23. The Schlieffen Plan’s Destructive Nature • Sept 6-10, 1914 • Battle of Marne • Stopped the Germans but French troops were exhausted • Both sides dug trenches for shelter STALEMATE

  24. German Atrocities in Belgium

  25. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • Glorification of War! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

  26. Recruitment Posters

  27. 1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate • Many Europeans were excited about war • “Defend yourself against the aggressors” • Domestic differences were put aside

  28. 1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate • War would be over in a few weeks • Ignored the length and brutality of the American Civil War (prototype to World War I)

  29. 1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate • Belief that Modern industrial war could not be conducted for more than a few months • “Home by Christmas”

  30. 1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate • “Fatal attraction of war” • Exhilarating release from every day life • A glorious adventure • War would rid the nations of selfishness • Spark a national re-birth based on heroism • Dulce Et Decorum Est http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xeftgx_dulce-et-decorum-est-wilfred-owen_creation

  31. The War of theIndustrial Revolution:NewTechnology

  32. French Renault Tank

  33. British Tank at Ypres

  34. U-Boats

  35. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

  36. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

  37. The Flying Aces of World War I FrancescoBarraco, It. Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br. Eddie Rickenbacher, US Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.[The “RedBaron”] Rene PaukFonck, Fr. Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

  38. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

  39. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

  40. The Zeppelin

  41. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  42. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  43. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

  44. Trench Warfare • Trenches dug from English Channel to Switzerland • 6,250 miles • 6 to 8 feet deep • Immobilized both sides for 4 years

  45. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” http://youtu.be/SXtsiqrhqsU Opening Scene All Quiet on the Western Front - 4 min

  46. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

  47. A Multi-Front War

  48. The Western Front

  49. Life in the Trenches • Elaborate systems of defense • barbed wire • Concrete machine gun nests • Mortar batteries • Troops lived in holes underground

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