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Common Bases

Common Bases. Name Formula Common Name. Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic soda Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic potash Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 slaked lime Ammonia water NH 3 H 2 O household ammonia. .

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Common Bases

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  1. Common Bases Name Formula Common Name Sodium hydroxide NaOH lye or caustic soda Potassium hydroxide KOH lye or caustic potash Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 slaked lime Ammonia water NH3 H2O household ammonia . NH4OH NH41+ + OH1- ammonium hydroxide

  2. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Acid Formula Conjugate base Formula perchlorate ion ClO4- chloride ion Cl- nitrate ion NO3- hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- water H2O sulfate ion SO42- dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO4- acetate ion C2H3O2- hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3- hydro sulfide ion HS- ammonia NH3 carbonate ion CO32- hydroxide ion OH- amide ion NH2- hydride ion H- perchloric HClO4 hydrogen chloride HCl nitric HNO3 sulfuric H2SO4 hydronium ion H3O+ hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- phosphoric H3PO4 acetic HC2H3O2 carbonic H2CO3 hydrogen sulfide H2S ammonium ion NH4+ hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3- water H2O ammonia NH3 hydrogen H2 Decreasing Acid Strength Decreasing Base Strength acid conjugate base + H+ Metcalfe, Williams, Catska, Modern Chemistry1966, page 229

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