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HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa

HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Ami R. Moore, PhD Department of Sociology University of North Texas 12/01/2011. According to the UNAIDS, HIV prevention works! HIV incidence has leveled off by more than 25% between 2001 and 2009 in 33 countries.

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HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa

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  1. HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa Ami R. Moore, PhD Department of Sociology University of North Texas 12/01/2011

  2. According to the UNAIDS, HIV prevention works! • HIV incidence has leveled off by more than 25% between 2001 and 2009 in 33 countries. • Twenty two of these countries are in sub-Saharan Africa. • Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (HIV/AIDS has stabilized or is declining)

  3. Reasons • Young people have adopted safer sexual practices. • Sexual behaviors have changed among young people in most countries that were significantly affected • Mother-to-child transmission of HIV has declined. • New infections among children are declining • There are also fewer AIDS-related deaths • Scale up in antiretroviral therapy. • Access to services for preventing mother-to-child transmission increased

  4. Paradoxes • The number of PLWH worldwide has increased • Estimated 33.3 million PLWH worldwide at the end of 2009 compared to 27.8 million in 1999. • Sub-Saharan Africa still bears the heaviest burden of HIV globally • % adult (15-49 years) prevalence 5% in sub-Saharan Africa (2009). • The region with the next highest HIV prevalence is Caribbean (1%).

  5. New HIV infections are on the rise in some areas. • Levels of new infections are still high overall • Needs to address sexual behavior to curb sexual transmission of HIV • Numbers of heterosexual discordant couples with HIV on the rise • Some studies show that numbers of newly infected people are within marriage or cohabitation (especially in Southern Africa)

  6. Unprotected paid sex (major factor in HIV infections in Central, Eastern, and Western Africa) • Unprotected sex between men (new infections– 20% in Senegal, 15% in Kenya. Also, the majority of men who have sex with men also have sex with women. • Injecting drug use on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa. Use of contaminated drug-infecting equipment is leading to high infection rates among drug users (up to 36% HIV prevalence rate in some countries) • These modes of transmission are estimated to account for 33 to 40% of new HIV infections

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