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A Comprehensive History of India Lecture – 2 – 9-25-2011 Diversity

A Comprehensive History of India Lecture – 2 – 9-25-2011 Diversity. Maharaj Mukherjee. Why do we study History of India - Recapitulation. India and USA are both democracies They both have diverse population They both have large natural resources They both are naturally protected.

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A Comprehensive History of India Lecture – 2 – 9-25-2011 Diversity

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  1. A Comprehensive History of IndiaLecture – 2 – 9-25-2011Diversity Maharaj Mukherjee

  2. Why do we study History of India - Recapitulation • India and USA are both democracies • They both have diverse population • They both have large natural resources • They both are naturally protected

  3. Diversity in US and India - Recapitulation • Unity in Diversity • United we Stand Divided we Fall • If we do not hang together we will hang separately

  4. Our world has all kind of people

  5. India is a very diverse country Where did all these people come from??

  6. The our first ancestor came from Africa Her Name is Lucy

  7. People Slowly Migrated from Africa to All over the World About 20000 Years Ago the Whole World was Populated with Human

  8. Why do people migrate? • Basic Needs for Survival • Food and Water • Climate and Weather • Population pressure and Competition • Freedom • Pursuit of Happiness

  9. The Early Population of the World were Hunter - Gatherers They are also the first inhabitants of India

  10. Hunter Gatherer-s 10000 years back(There were exceptions) • They would hunt animals, fish for food • They would collect fruits or roots • They also knew some farming • They knew how to use fire • They had dogs for pets that they used in hunting • May be they also had cats • They lived in huts made of branches or woods or in caves • They knew how to draw pictures

  11. Hunter Gatherer-s 10000 years back(There were exceptions) • They did not know how to bake clay to make pots or bricks • They need to stay close to water • They did not have cows, or horses, pigs or chickens • In India some ancient people had horses or horse like animals • They did not know how to melt metals to make tools • They did not know how to use wheels

  12. Hunter Gather Life • 10000 years ago the life of human did not impact nature as much as it does now • There are exceptions

  13. Something Happened 10000 Years Back • They learned how to farm for food • They learned how to bake clay and make clay pots and bricks • They started building cities • They learned how to use animals – bulls and cows for farming • They learned how to use copper and mix it with tin to make bronze • They made metal tools and weapons • They learned how to use wheels to make carts and pulleys • They could dig for water and • They could mine minerals for metals

  14. Where it all Started?The Fertile Crescent • 10000 Years Ago: The Human Civilization Started in the Fertile Crescent • 5000 Years Ago: The Civilization Reached the Western Part of India and the South Eastern Europe

  15. Social Developments • The society could now support all other kind of professions: • Rulers and soldiers • Traders • Thinkers and Educators • They developed early form of religion • They also developed war and fighting • This also started the first slavery

  16. World’s First Temple – Gobekli Tepe (in Turkey)12000 years ago • The pillars stand for gods who are accompanied by animals

  17. India 5000 Years Back • A spread of Fertile Crescent Spread to the Indus Valley • Discovered by – Rakhal Das Banerjee and Daya Ram Sahani

  18. Map of India Indus River Himalayas Ganges River Bindhya Western Ghat Eastern Ghat Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea Indian Ocean

  19. Some Artifacts from the Indus Valley

  20. Some Link from Ancient Religion to Modern Day Religions

  21. Questions about Early Civilization: • Why didn’t it spread east of the Indus river? • Climate • Different seasons • Main crop of fertile crescent was wheat – which did not survive in too much rain • It was difficult to cross glacier fed river like Indus which never dried up. • Why didn’t it spread only East-West and not North-South? • Climate and Weather • What happened to these early civilizations? • Some of the people remained - some migrated to other parts

  22. Example Quiz • Where did the first human come from? • Africa • What kind of people were the first inhabitants of India? • Hunter Gatherers • Where did the first human civilization start? • The Fertile Crescent in Turkey/Iraq • Where did the first civilization start in India? • The Indus Valley • When did the first human civilization start in India? • About 5000 years back • Give One Reason why People Migrate • Basic Needs and Pursuit of Happiness

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