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STIMULANTS

STIMULANTS. *Cocaine *Amphetamines *Caffeine *Nicotine . Cocaine. *chemical composition. * C17H21NO4. types. 1)Coca Leaf : from erythroxylon coca; just has 1% cocaine. 2)Coca Paste : coca leaf soak in kerosene and sulfuric acid becomes cocain sulpate, the coca paste.

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STIMULANTS

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  1. STIMULANTS *Cocaine *Amphetamines *Caffeine *Nicotine

  2. Cocaine *chemical composition * C17H21NO4

  3. types 1)Coca Leaf: from erythroxylon coca; just has 1% cocaine. 2)Coca Paste: coca leaf soak in kerosene and sulfuric acid becomes cocain sulpate, the coca paste. 3)Cocain Hydrochloride,Cocain Hcl: the best type of cocaine, form base on cocain sulpate. 4)Freebase: inhale through nose directly and has the strongest effect. 5)Crack: inhale whenever you want, cheaper and more safety.

  4. The harm to human body *If you use a little cocaine, they will excite your cerebral cortex, make you become excited. *But, if you use a lot of cocaine, they will excite your respiratory center、cardiovascular centre、vomiting centre . *Possibly make you respiratory arrest 、heart failure even die.

  5. Methylphenidate • *a mild central nervous system stimulant • affects chemicals in the brain and nerves • *a habit-forming medicine and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. • *works by increasing the activity of the central nervous system. (main function) • *contribute to hyperactivity （多动症）and impulse control

  6. Question *Q: Some people would like to eat this medicine with food. And doctors also agree with this action. Use your image, why do they do that? Methylphenidate is not approved for children under six years of age. *why? since safety and efficacy in this age group have not been established.

  7. Nicotine • Analkaloid found in the nightshade（茄） family of plants • an important composition of the tobacco.

  8. How it influences us *Nicotine is addictive and can produce dependence *People are often difficult to restrain themselves . *By increasing the release of the hormone epinephrine（肾上腺素）, nicotine can increase the heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate.

  9. How it influences us *The LD50（半数致死量） of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. *0.5–1.0 mg/kg can cause adult humans die. *Large amounts of nicotine can cause sickness. *Smoking cigarettes leads to an increased risk of lung cancer. After smoking Before smoking

  10. Caffeine

  11. Quality of caffeine *caffeine can be found in many plants and caffeine is a kind of alkaloid. *caffeine is mainly from some common drinks such as tea,coffee and cocoa. *The chemical structure is as followed.

  12. Legend story about caffeine *Tea *Shen Nong *coffee *Ethiopia the origin of arabica

  13. Yes but …... Caffeine can affect the central nervous system and stimulate metabolism.Soit can be absorbed by stomach and small intestine after we get it for 45 minutes.Its effects include increased alertness and some mood elevation.It can work in our body rapidly and it makes us more exciting.We always drink tea or coffee when we fall asleep,don't we?According to some researchs,athletes get better grade even break a record after get invovled in caffeine.We can study more efficient because caffeine can make us concentrate more in a short time.Caffeine also can release the pain of headache and has a little effect on losing weight.

  14. We should get caffeine safely and not rely on it too much *It is a stimulant.So it is dangerous for us to get too much caffeine.It is the same as drug if we rely on caffeine for a long time,we will be addicted to it.As for me..... *It can increase the acid in the stomach and it will cause the stomach ulcer(胃溃疡）. *You may be over-excited if you get too much caffeine. *It also can cause anxiety disorders and sleep disorders.

  15. Pictures

  16. Questions 1)Which system do amphetamines affect in our body? Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

  17. Questions • 2) Which are two systems that cocaine affects in our body? • Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System • Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System • Central Nervous System and Sympathetic Nervous System • Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System

  18. THANK YOU

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