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American Factfinder and Census 2000

American Factfinder and Census 2000. Grace York University of Michigan April 2008. Table of Contents. Census History and Applications Census Questionnaire and Definitions – 100% Census Questionnaire – Sample Special Tabulations and PUMS Census Geography Data Formats

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American Factfinder and Census 2000

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  1. American Factfinder and Census 2000 Grace York University of Michigan April 2008

  2. Table of Contents • Census History and Applications • Census Questionnaire and Definitions – 100% • Census Questionnaire – Sample • Special Tabulations and PUMS • Census Geography • Data Formats • American Factfinder Fact Sheets • American Factfinder Reference Maps • Data Sets and Types of Files • Data Set Options Box • Summary File 1 • Downloading • Revising Geography and Tables • Excel

  3. Tables of Contents • Summary File 2 • Summary File 3 • Geography within Geography • Subject Searching • Summary File 4 • Saving and Loading Search • Thematic Maps • American Community Survey/Census Update • Historic Census Data • Custom Tables Addendum • Getting Help

  4. Census History • Survey of the United States population every 10 years • Mandated by Constitution • Purpose: reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives

  5. Census Questions Vary Over Time • Slavery last asked in 1860 • Feeble-minded in 1840-1890 • Income first asked in 1940 • Televisions surveyed, 1950-70 • Detailed ancestry beginning 1980 • Multiple races and grandparents as caregivers in 2000

  6. Census Questions Vary Over Time • Reflects changes in society • In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted to reduce paperwork • Grid of questions, 1790-2000 http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf

  7. Practical Applications for Census Data • Public health professionals identify vulnerable populations for chronic disease • Urban planners identify zoning, housing, sewage, and transportation issues • Social workers conduct needs assessments for services to the elderly, poor, children

  8. Practical Applications for Census Data • Marketers target likely buyers • Politicians use the census to determine voting districts and to assess constituent interests • Environmentalists map the spread of toxic effluents and population densities

  9. Practical Applications for Census Data • Occupation by age, race, and sex for equal employment opportunity • Librarians base collection development policy on community characteristics • Mayors use numbers to apply for federal grants. • Undercount costs money – the reason for lawsuits • Racial minorities and undocumented aliens • Should missionaries be counted as U.S. residents

  10. Outline of Presentation • Census Questionnaire • Census Geography • Reference Maps • Census Data • Thematic Mapping

  11. Reference Tools Census Toolkit http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/centool.pdf Historic Census Questions http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf

  12. 2000 Questionnaires 100% Questionnaire • Age • Sex • Race (Multiple) • Hispanic origin • Household relationship • Occupied v. vacant housing units • Owner v. renter occupied housing

  13. Primary Uses of Short Form Data • Race and sex for single years of age to 99; three groups after 100 • Most detail by race (250 groups total)

  14. Race Groups in 2000 • White • Black or African-American • American Indian or Alaskan Native • Asian • Hawaiian or Pacific Islander • Other • Two or More Races (Based on Self-Identification)

  15. Individual Races • Some files break the Asian, American Indian, and Pacific Islander into 250 specific categories • Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis • Black and white races are further delineated as ancestries in sample data • Racial definitions appear at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/ sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf

  16. Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables • Cuban • Puerto Rican • Mexican • Spanish • Various Latin American Countries

  17. Calculating Minorities Subtract White Non-Hispanic from White Alone to get White Hispanic; then add WH and WNH to other races OR Subtract White, Non-Hispanic from total population to get total minority population Total Michigan 9,938444 White Non-Hispanic -7,806,691 Minority = 2,131,753

  18. New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2-3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses

  19. Household Relationships Relationship to Householder • Spouse • Child • Stepchild • Grandchild • Brother/Sister • Parent • Non-relative • Unmarried partner is separate category

  20. Group Quarters • College dorms • Prisons • Mental hospitals • Shelters for abused spouses • Military barracks • Nursing homes

  21. 100% Questionnaire Data Reports Pre-Tabulated Data • Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group • Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races to neighborhood (tract) level

  22. 2000 Sample Questionnaire(generally 1/6 of population) • Marital status, housing value and rent (100% in 1990) • Grandparents as caregivers (new) • Ancestry • Language • Country of origin • School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts)

  23. 2000 Sample Questionnaire • Employment • Industry and occupation • Transportation to and place of work • Disability and mental illness • Veteran status • Income and poverty

  24. Sample Data Products Pre-Tabulated Data • Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level • Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level

  25. Special Tabulations(not on Factfinder) School District Data File (Available) Sample data for children, parents and families with school-age children for school districts http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sdds/index.asp Equal Employment Opportunity File Sex and race for 472 occupational groups for places of 50,000+ http://www.census.gov/eeo2000/index.html

  26. Special Tabulations(not on Factfinder) Census Transportation Planning Commuting and place of work data for counties, minor civil divisions, and traffic analysis zones http://www.trbcensus.com/ County to County Worker Flows http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/commuting.html MCD to MCD (place) Worker Flows http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/mcdworkerflow.html Special Tabulation on Aging (2004) http://www.aoa.gov/prof/Statistics/Tab/specialtab.htm Sample data cross-tabulated by age for people 55+ for places of 2500+

  27. Public Use Microdata Samples(not on Factfinder) Create your own tables using raw data Larger geographies: states, metro-areas, PUMAS and super PUMAS

  28. Public Use Microdata Samples(not on Factfinder) Races of the Arab population in large cities Education, occupation and citizenship status of people born in Senegal

  29. Public Use Microdata SamplesAlternative Software PDQ Explore - http://www.pdq.com/ • Free password to academics • Sample search at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/pdqexp.ppt Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples • IPUMS (free through University of Minnesota)

  30. Census Geography Legal Areas • Nation • State • Counties • Cities • Townships • Congressional Districts • School Districts • Native American Reservations

  31. Census Geography Census-Designated Areas • Metropolitan Statistical Area • Urbanized Area and Urban Cluster • Census Tract • Block Group • Block • Zip Code Tabulation Area • PUMAS/Super-PUMAS • Traffic Analysis Zones

  32. Census Geography Map

  33. Urban Areas • Urbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+ • Urban Cluster = Densely settled area, • 2500-50,000; can be outside metro area South Central Michigan has a surprising number of urban clusters

  34. Metropolitan Statistical Area • Central city of 50,000 or more • Its own county, and • Surrounding counties with • heavy commuting patterns

  35. Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Lapeer Livingston Detroit PMSA Macomb Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw 2000 Lapeer Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw Flint PMSA Genesee

  36. Detroit Metropolitan Area2000-2003

  37. MSA Definitions This is very complicated Just consult the definitions when you need them http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html

  38. Census Tracts • Areas of about 4000 people • Approximate neighborhoods

  39. Detroit Tract

  40. Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data

  41. Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data

  42. Technical Documentation • Geographic and subject definitions • Lists of tables and individual components in tables • Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country) • Original questionnaire

  43. Census Data Formats2000 American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/ • Prepared profiles • Data extraction to a spreadsheet, • Reference and thematic maps FTP • Transfer all data for all geographies in a county and manipulate with SAS or SPSS CD-ROM and DVD • Download more geographies at a time (e.g. all tracts in country) • Can mix and match data tables • SF 1 and 3 in Documents Center

  44. Initial Factfinder Screen http://factfinder.census.gov/ Use Mozilla on campus; Internet Explorer downloads are incomplete

  45. Fact Sheets http://factfinder.census.gov/ Brief population, social, economic and housing profiles for the U.S. or one state, county, place, zip codes and census tracts in 2000; fewer geographies for the latest American Community Survey

  46. Fact Sheets http://factfinder.census.gov/ Search by all or part of address. Choose geographic result. Click on MORE to see one of four profiles.

  47. People/Housing Fact Sheets http://factfinder.census.gov/ Same geography but also includes more detail, maps and comparative data

  48. Population/Housing Fact Sheets http://factfinder.census.gov/ Maps and table types are coded with icons

  49. Geographic Areahttp://factfinder.census.gov/ If you know the geographic area or proceed directly toDATA SETS If you need to determine the geographic area, go toADDRESS SEARCH

  50. Address Searchinghttp://factfinder.census.gov/ Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map

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