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SERVER CLUSTERING

Chapter 6. SERVER CLUSTERING . OVERVIEW . List the types of server clusters. Determine which type of cluster to use for your applications. Describe how Network Load Balancing and server clusters work. Deploy an NLB cluster. Deploy a server cluster. . WINDOWS SERVER 2003 CLUSTER TYPES .

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SERVER CLUSTERING

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  1. Chapter 6 SERVER CLUSTERING

  2. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING OVERVIEW • List the types of server clusters. • Determine which type of cluster to use for your applications. • Describe how Network Load Balancing and server clusters work. • Deploy an NLB cluster. • Deploy a server cluster.

  3. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING WINDOWS SERVER 2003 CLUSTER TYPES • Server clusters • Network Load Balancing clusters

  4. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING SERVER CLUSTERS

  5. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING

  6. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DESIGNING A CLUSTERING SOLUTION • What are you protecting against? • Software failure • Hardware failure • Site failure

  7. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING ESTIMATING AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS • Decide what applications are required, and how much downtime can be tolerated. • Consider what threats may be present—they will not be the same in every situation or environment. • Investment in fault tolerance and availability is governed by the laws of diminishing returns. Spending twice as much will not provide double the protection.

  8. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING SCALING CLUSTERS Scale up • Improve performance of systems by installing a more powerful processor and adding RAM and higher performance disk subsystems. Scale out • Add servers to cluster to increase overall processing power.

  9. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING HOW MANY CLUSTERS?

  10. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING COMBINING CLUSTERING TECHNOLOGIES

  11. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DISPERSING CLUSTERS • Geographic separation provides higher availability in situations such as: • Natural disaster (flood, earthquake, tornado) • Power failure, rolling blackouts • Theft, vandalism, terrorism

  12. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING USING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING • Easier to install, configure, and maintain than server clustering. • Does not require additional storage hardware. • No additional software is required. • Managed via the Network Load Balancing Manager application.

  13. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING UNDERSTANDING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING • Each NLB cluster can consist of up to 32 servers. • A virtual network adapter acts as an intermediary between the physical network interface and the protocol stack. • An algorithm associated with the virtual network adapter determines which requests should be answered and which should be ignored.

  14. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING PLANNING A NETWORK LOAD BALANCING DEPLOYMENT

  15. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING NLB OPERATIONAL MODES Unicast mode • Servers in the cluster can only communicate with each other if more than one network interface is installed in the server. Multicast mode • Servers with one network card can communicate with each other, but any routers on the network must support multicast MAC addresses.

  16. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING NLB NETWORKING • Servers in an NLB cluster determine independently whether or not to process an incoming request. • Servers in an NLB cluster transmit heartbeat messages to let the other servers in the cluster know they are running and operational. • Heartbeats are the only cluster-related communication between servers in an NLB cluster.

  17. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DEPLOYING A NETWORK LOAD BALANCING CLUSTER

  18. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING MONITORING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING • Monitoring of NLB clusters can be performed using: • Network Load Balancing Manager • Event Viewer

  19. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING USING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING MANAGER

  20. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING USING EVENT VIEWER

  21. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING USING NLB.EXE • Command line utility used to configure and manage NLB clusters • Enables commands to be placed into scripts and batch files

  22. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DESIGNING A SERVER CLUSTER • Designing a server cluster deployment • Planning a server cluster hardware configuration • Creating an application deployment plan • Selecting a quorum model • Creating a server cluster • Configuring failover policies

  23. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DESIGNING A SERVER CLUSTER DEPLOYMENT

  24. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING PLANNING A SERVER CLUSTER HARDWARE CONFIGURATION • All servers in the cluster must be running the same edition of Windows Server 2003. • All servers in the cluster must have the same processor architecture: 32-bit or 64-bit. • At least one network interface per system is required. Two are preferred. • Shared storage connection is required.

  25. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING USING SCSI

  26. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING USING FIBRE CHANNEL

  27. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CREATING AN APPLICATION DEPLOYMENT PLAN Single-instance applications • Applications that can run on no more than one server at a time, using a given configuration Multiple-instance applications • Applications in which duplicated code can run on multiple nodes in a cluster or in which the code can be partitioned

  28. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DEPLOYING SINGLE-INSTANCE APPLICATIONS

  29. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CAPACITY PLANNING • Idle servers in a standby configuration must be capable of running the application(s) on the active server. • Depending on the failover configuration, the idle server may be required to run more than one application in the event of a multiple server failure.

  30. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING DEPLOYING MULTIPLE-INSTANCE APPLICATIONS

  31. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING SELECTING A QUORUM MODEL • Single-node cluster • Single-quorum device cluster • Majority node set cluster

  32. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CREATING A SERVER CLUSTER

  33. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CONFIGURING FAILOVER POLICIES • Failover pairs • Hot-standby server • N+I • Failover ring • Random

  34. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CHAPTER SUMMARY • A cluster is a group of servers that appears to users as a single resource and that provides high availability, reliability, and scalability for specific applications. • A Network Load Balancing cluster is a group of servers running a stateless application, such as a Web server, each of which has an identical, independent data store. • A server cluster is a group of servers running a stateful application, such as a database server, and sharing a common data store.

  35. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CHAPTER SUMMARY (continued) • Network Load Balancing works by creating a virtual network adapter with IP and MAC addresses that represent the cluster as a single unit. • When NLB is running in unicast mode, ordinary communication between cluster servers is impossible. In multicast mode, the cluster servers can communicate normally. • Although NLB and server clusters can both function with a single network interface adapter installed in each server, using multiple adapters in each server can prevent network performance degradation.

  36. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CHAPTER SUMMARY (continued) • A server cluster requires a storage resource shared by the nodes in the cluster. Windows Server 2003 supports shared SCSI and Fibre Channel for this purpose. • In a server cluster, the quorum is a storage resource that contains cluster configuration data, which nodes use to create their configuration databases as they join the cluster. • You can configure a cluster to use various failover policies by specifying which nodes are permitted to run various cluster resources.

  37. Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING CHAPTER SUMMARY (continued) • To create and manage server clusters, use the Cluster Administrator application. To manage Network Load Balancing clusters, use Network Load Balancing Manager.

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