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Disinfection: Microbiology and Chemistry

Disinfection: Microbiology and Chemistry. J(Hans) van Leeuwen. Introduction. Need for disinfection Alternative disinfectants Disinfection kinetics Disinfectant chemistry. Topics of Discussion. Diseases borne by water Comparison of disinfectants The Ct concept. Viral. Bacterial.

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Disinfection: Microbiology and Chemistry

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  1. Disinfection: Microbiology and Chemistry J(Hans) van Leeuwen Disinfection

  2. Introduction • Need for disinfection • Alternative disinfectants • Disinfection kinetics • Disinfectant chemistry Disinfection

  3. Topics of Discussion • Diseases borne by water • Comparison of disinfectants • The Ct concept Disinfection

  4. Viral Bacterial Protozoan Typhoid fever Para-typhoid Bacterial diarrhea Cholera Legionnaires’ disease Hepatitis Rotavirus diarrhea Amoebiasis Giardiasis Crypto- sporidiasis Some common water-borne diseases prevented by disinfection Disinfection

  5. The rate of disinfection Like most biological processes, disinfection follows a first-order reaction with respect to the number of microbes of a certain species surviving as a function of time at a constant level of a disinfectant - dN/dt = kN, which is also known as Chick’s Law dN/N = - kdt (separating variables) ln N/No = - kt or N = No e-kt (from integration) Disinfection

  6. The Ct Concept In disinfection, the ability to inactivate microorganisms is a function of both disinfectant concentration and time. Fractional removal, N/No = Cntm This is generally simplified to N/No= Ct Ct values have been determined for 99.99% virus and 99.9% Giardia removal Disinfection

  7. Disinfection

  8. Ozone Ct values Disinfection

  9. Chlorination Disinfection

  10. Chlorinator Disinfection

  11. Chlorine gas flow control Disinfection

  12. Chlorine contact tank with baffles Disinfection

  13. Gravity fed chlorine solution feeder Disinfection

  14. Gravity fed chlorine solution feeder Disinfection

  15. Disinfection

  16. Disinfection

  17. Disinfection

  18. Ultraviolet Irradiation Disinfection

  19. Disinfection

  20. Disinfection

  21. Simple Solar Disinfection Disinfection

  22. Solar Disinfection Disinfection

  23. Ozonation Disinfection

  24. Disinfection

  25. Disinfection

  26. Disinfection

  27. Disinfection

  28. Disinfection

  29. Biomass bulking control Disinfection

  30. Disinfection

  31. Disinfection

  32. Disinfection

  33. Disinfection

  34. Disinfection

  35. Effect of ozonation on sludge settling Disinfection

  36. Disinfection

  37. Disinfection

  38. Selective oxidation Disinfection

  39. MeBl oxidation Disinfection

  40. Effect on protozoa Disinfection

  41. Ships’ Ballast Water Disinfection NUTECH O3, NOAA, NETSCO, UNCW, UWS, ISU, et al. Disinfection

  42. Alien Invaders in our Coastal Waters - weirder and risky Disinfection

  43. Disinfection

  44. Zebra Mussel Distribution Disinfection

  45. San Francisco Bay:212 exotic species and 140 more suspected Disinfection

  46. Cross section of ships showing ballast tanks and ballast water cycle Disinfection

  47. Propeller exposed under unballasted conditions Disinfection

  48. Into the Tonsina’s ballast tanks Disinfection

  49. View of ballast tanks from below Disinfection

  50. Disinfection Interconnectivity of ballast tanks in sideview

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