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Colonial Latin America. Economy, Church, and State. The Aftermath of Conquest. The Legacies of Contact The “Columbian Exchange” Ecological Conquest? Physical and Psychological Effects. Slave & Master, late 18 th c. Quito. Castas, Eighteenth-Century Mexico. The Emerging Colonial Economy.
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Colonial Latin America Economy, Church, and State
The Aftermath of Conquest • The Legacies of Contact • The “Columbian Exchange” • Ecological Conquest? • Physical and Psychological Effects
The Emerging Colonial Economy • The Example of Cortés • The Encomienda • Iberian Precedents • Abuses and “Reform” • The Rise of the Landowning Class • The Hacienda and Hacendados • Colonial Agriculture • Sugar: “Sweetness and Power”
The Mining Sector • Mineral Wealth in the Americas • The European Ideal (“Mercantilism”) • The Mineral Cycle • Indigenous Effects • European Effects • Financing Empire • Long-Term Fiscal Trends
Colonial Administration • The Council of the Indies • The Casa de Contratación • Closed Ports and Monopolies (The Ideal) • The Reality • Colonial Administration: Viceroys and Audiencias→Corregidores and Cabildos, local power networks • The Republica de los Indios • Caciques
Portugal and Colonial Brazil • Pedro Álvarez Cabral’s “discovery,” 1500 • The “Factory” Period • The feitoria • Economic and Political Motivations • Proprietary Settlements (“Captaincies”) • The Addition of Royal Administration • The French Threat • The Indian Question • Tomé de Sousa (admin. 1549-1553) • The Sugar Cycle and African Slavery
Church and State • The Role of the Church • Patronato Real • The Incomplete “Spiritual Conquest” of America • Syncretism • Church vs. Landowners • “Just War” and the “Indian Question” • Bartolome de las Casas (vs. Sepúlveda) • “New Laws” of the Indies, 1542
