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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Michelle Mason, Hunter Eisenhower, Micaela Lincoln, Liam Murray. What is the integumentary system?. Organ system that protects the body from damage Guards the body’s physical and biochemical integrity Functions:

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Michelle Mason, Hunter Eisenhower, Micaela Lincoln, Liam Murray

  2. What is the integumentary system? • Organ system that protects the body from damage • Guards the body’s physical and biochemical integrity • Functions: • Waterproof, cushion, and protect deeper tissues, excrete waste, regulate body temperature, attachment point for sensory receptors, vitamin D synthesis

  3. The Skin • The skin is the body’s integumentary system • Largest of the body’s organ systems • 12% - 15% of body’s weight • Is composed of a minimum of 3 layers: • Epidermis • Dermis • Hypodermis

  4. Epidermis • Outermost layer composed of epithelial cells • Composed of 4 layers: stratum basale, spinosum layer, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum • Has no blood supply and depends on diffusion from dermal cells for metabolic needs

  5. Stratum Basal • Bottom most layer responsible for constantly renewing epidermal cells • Contains one row of undifferentiated columnar stem cells that divide frequently • Half of the divided cells move to the next layer to begin the maturing process • Other half stays in basal layer and divides over and over to replenish basal layer • Contains melanocytes: the cells responsible for creating melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color

  6. Spinosum Layer • Cells transferred here change from columnar to polygonal • Cells begin to synthesize keratin • Keratin is the key component in making up the outer layer of skin, along with hair and nails.

  7. Stratum Granulosum • Cells here have lost their nuclei and are characterized by dark clumps of cytoplasmic material • Here keratin proteins and water-proofing lipids are produced and organized

  8. Stratum Corneum • Cells here known as coreocytes and have flattened out • Cells here are composed of mainly keratin protein which add strength but also allow absorption of water • Responsible for integrity and hydration of skin • Disruptions in this layer can result in a variety of skin problems

  9. Dermis • 2 Layers • Stratum papillare • Stratum Reticulare • Dermis layer responsible for: • Cushioning body • Sense of touch • Made up of • Collagen • Elastic Fibers • Hair Follicles

  10. Stratum Papillare • Makes up upper part of dermis • It forms the sharp, wave shaped border of the dermis • The wavy surface increases the contact with the epidermis • Made of loose connective tissue • Connects the dermis to the epidermis

  11. Stratum reticulare • Makes up a lower part of the dermis • Much thicker then the papillary • The protein fibers give the layer • Strength • Extensibility • Elasticity • Contains • Roots of hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels

  12. Hypodermis • Sometimes referred to as the Subcutaneous layer and the superficial fascia • The lowermost layer of the integumentary system • It contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those in the dermis • A major storage site for adipose tissue

  13. Contents of The Hypodermis • Cells • Fibroblasts • Adipose • Macrophages • Subcutaneous Fat • Layer of insulation to hold in heat • Assists in Homeostasis

  14. Accessory Structures of the Skin • Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands • Hair and hair follicles • Nails

  15. Sudoriferous and Sebaceous Glands • Sebaceous Glands: (oil glands) found surrounding hair follicles and deposit sebum, oily substance that lubricates the hair and skin, onto the hair shaft • Sudoriferous glands: (sweat glands) located in the dermis and secrete a watery substance that is important in body temperature regulation and excretion • Four types: Eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous, and mammary glands

  16. Eccrine & Apocrine Glands • Eccrine Glands: major sweat glands of the human body; products contain mainly water, salts, and nitrogen-containing wastes • Apocrine Glands: don’t become active until after puberty; found only in the axilla, genital area, and areolae of the nipple; products contain lipids and proteins

  17. Ceruminous & Mammary Glands • Modified suderiferous glands • Ceruminous Glands: Found in ear canal. Produce a waxy substance (cerumen) that prevents foreign substances from entering the auditory canal. • Mammary Glands: Found in breasts. Synthesize and secrete milk after appropriate hormonal stimulation.

  18. Integumentary Illnesses • Sunburn • Athlete’s foot • Albinism • Acne • Herpes • Blisters • Rashes

  19. Souces • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system • http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookintegusys.html • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/189836/epidermis • http://www.skin-science.com/_int/_en/topic/topic_sousrub.aspx?tc=SKIN_SCIENCE_ROOT%5EAN_ORGAN_REVEALED%5ETHE_DERMIS&cur=THE_DERMIS • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue

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