1. S2C7 – Novell NetWare IP and IPX Services

2. Novell Protocols • Transport Layer • TCP/IP • SPX Internetwork Packet Exchange • Network Layer • NLSP (Netware Link Service Protocol) SPF • IPX • RIP

3. Novell Protocols • Data/Link and Physical Layer • IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.5 • Fast Ethernet • FDDI • PPP • High Speed Serial Interface • ISDN • ATM

4. Novell Protocols • Layers 7-6-5 • SAP Service Advertising Protocol to advertise network services • NCP NetWare Core Protocol to provide client-to-server connections & applications • NetWare Shell • NETBIOS

5. Novell NetWare Features • 80-bit address network.node • MAC Interface address part of logical address • Multiple LAN encapsulations supports multiple logical networks • Novell RIP is default routing protocol • SAP advertises network services • GNS packets help clients find servers

6. Novell Protocol Details • Distance Vector • Novell RIP • Uses ticks (network delay) and hop count • 15 hops is maximum • Updates sent every 60 seconds • Link-State • NLSP – Netware Link Services Protocol

7. IPX Addresses • DIX – Digital, Intel, & Ethernet worked on Ethernet Standards prior to IEEE standard • Get from Network Administrator • Telnet to neighbor router • Show Protocols • Show IPX Interface

8. Novell IPX Frame • Ethernet_802.3 3.11 or earlier • Ethernet RAW • 802.3 IPX • Ethernet_802.2 3.12 or later 802.3 802.2 LLC IPX • Ethernet_II Ethernet/IPX • Standard Ethernet header • Ethernet_SNAP 802.3 802.2 LLC • SNAP IPX • Used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk

9. Novell/Cisco Names • Ethernet E_802.3 novell-ether • E_802.2 sap • E_II arpa • E_SNAP snap • Token Ring Token-Ring snap • Token Ring_SNAP snap • FDDI FDDI_SNAP SNAP • FDDI_802.2 SAP • FDDI_RAW NOVELL-FDDI

10. Cisco/Novell • Cisco supports all Novell encapsulations • Can tell the difference between packet types • Can support multiple encapsulations on single LAN INTERFACE • Must configure multiple logical networks • Multiple IPX encapsulations support reduces equipment expenses, minimizes configuration complexity, and eases migration

11. IPX Packet Format • Checksum • Length • Transport Control • Packet Type • Destination Network; Destination Node • Destination Socket • Source Network; Source Node & Socket

12. Simple Split Horizon • Routing updates sent to a neighbor should not contain information about routes learned from that neighbor • Load Sharing is used when the distance vector metric for ticks and hop counts is identical • Improves network performance

13. SAP • Each service has a SAP identifier • 4 file server; 7 print server; 24 remote bridge • Updates sent every 60 seconds • Routers build tables based on SAP broadcasts • Cisco router does not respond to GNS but will supply server address from its SAP table

14. GNS • Broadcast from client needing services • Netware Server and Cisco router get request • Can distribute clients evenly among available servers • Can support serverless LAN segments • Provides network-based load sharing • Assumes servers are identical • NetWare servers provide GNS response

15. Novell IPX Configuration • Global Configuration • IPX Routing • IPX routing [node address] • If no node address, Cisco uses MAC address of interface • Address must be specified if there are only S0 ports • Configures round-robin load sharing over multiple equal metric paths • Default is 1; maximum is 512 • Load Sharing • Interface Configuration • Network numbers • Encapsulation Type

16. Assigning IPX Network Numbers • Ipx routing selects IPX for routing • IPX maximum-paths 2 load sharing 2 paths • Interface ethernet 0.1 first sub-interface • Encapsulation novell-ether Ethernet_802.3 • IPX network 9e network number assigned to E0.1 • Encapsulation sap specifies Ethernet 802.2 frame format

17. IPX Monitoring • Show ipx interface ipx status and values • Show ipx route routing table contents • Show ipx servers IPX server list • Show ipx traffic Number & type packets • Debug ipx routing activity RIP update • Debug ipx sap SAP update • Ping node information

18. Show IPX Interface • Tick metric can be set manually • Use ipx delay number • Cisco router defaults • LAN interfaces 1 tick • WAN interfaces 6 ticks

19. IPX Tables • Codes • C – directly connected to primary network • C - directly connected to secondary nw • R – route learned from RIP • E – Route learned from EIGRP • S - Statically defined route • W – Directly connected route via IPXWAN

20. IPX Routing Tables • Total IPX routes • Maximum number of parallel paths • Routing protocol in use • Network number • Delay/Metric • Network.node address • Age – elapsed time; Uses – number of lookups • Ethernet 0 interface to be used • Encapsulation frame type – HDLC SAP SNAP Novell-ether

21. IPX Servers • Show ipx servers [sorted] [name|net|type] • Codes P server learned during updates • H server is down • S server is defined statically • I server learned using SAP Incremental • Total IPX Servers • Table Order, Type, Name, Network number • Node Address, etc.

22. Show IPX Traffic • Packets Received • Number of format errors • Number of checksum errors • Number of bad hop counts • Number of pitched packets • Number packets sent to local destination • Number of multicast packets

23. Debug ipx sap [events|activity] • Displays information about IPX SAP packets • SAP responses • 0x1 general query • 0x2 general response • 0x3 GNS request • 0x4 GNS response

24. IPX Ping • Ipx network.node • ! Received • .. network waiting for reply • U unreachable • C congestion • I interrupted • ? Unknown packet type • & packet life exceeded