Tutorial 3 Adding and Formatting Text with CSS Styles

1. Tutorial 3Adding and Formatting Text with CSS Styles

2. Objectives Type text into a page Copy text from a document and paste it into a page Check for spelling errors Create hyperlinks Examine HTML tags for hyperlinks Explore CSS styles and style sheets Modify HTML tags Create custom style classes Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

3. Objectives Create styles for the <a> tag selectors Create an external style sheet Attach an external style sheet to a Web page Edit styles Delete styles Examine the code for styles and style sheets Examine HTML tags used to format text Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

4. Adding Text to a Web Page • Text is very important to your Web page and should be error free and clear. • You can add small amounts of text by typing in the workspace of the Document window. • You can add larger amounts of text by cutting and pasting from another program such as a word processor that does a better job of clearing errors. • Dreamweaver also has a built in spell checker. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

5. Adding Text to a Web Page Text Copied from the Bands Document Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

6. Adding Text to a Web Page Check Spelling Dialog Box Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

7. Formatting Text Using the Property Inspector • The simplest way to format text is to select the text in the Document window and set the attributes for the text in the Property inspector. • Text formatting attributes included in the Property inspector: • Format, font, style, size, color, emphasis, alignment, lists, and indents Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

8. Formatting Text Using the Property Inspector Formatted Page and Band Names Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

9. Creating Text Hyperlinks • Hyperlinks allow you to navigate between pages in a Web site and to other Web sites. • Once the hyperlinks are created, you will copy the links to the rest of the pages in the site. • To add more than one space between words you will need to use a nonbreaking space, which is a special, invisible character used to create more than one space between text and other elements. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

10. Creating Text Hyperlinks Link Text Typed in the Bands Page Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

11. Creating Text Hyperlinks • When your links are in place and formatted, you can then convert them to hyperlinks by using the Property inspector to associate the text with a particular file or Web page. • If you know it, you can also type the URL into the Link text box. • Within your Web site, you will use document relative links, which only specify the path from the current page. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

12. Creating Text Hyperlinks • Site root relative links specify a path from the root folder to the linked document. • Used on more complex sites • When you link to a page in another site, you will use an absolute link, which includes the entire URL. • When you copy the navigation system to other pages of the site, you will not have to create additional links. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

13. Creating Text Hyperlinks Select File Dialog Box Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

14. Creating Text Hyperlinks Label Text Converted to a Hyperlink Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

15. Creating Text Hyperlinks Creating a Hyperlink Using the Point to File Button Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

16. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks • HTML tags come in pairs surrounding the text: • <tag>Some text</tag> • Tags can be used together, or nested: • <tag2><tag1>Some text</tag1></tag2> • Tags can also contain attributes within the opening tag: • <tag color=“x” size=“x”>Some Text</tag> • Reference sites for HTML tags include: • www.w3.org • www.htmldog.com/reference/html/tags Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

17. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks • Hyperlinks are created in HTML using an anchor tag: <a href=“absolute or relative path”>Link Text</a> • Absolute, document relative and site root relative links have different paths of information in the hypertext reference (“href”) attribute. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

18. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks Anchor Tags for Absolute and Relative Links Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

19. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks The target attribute specifies where the link opens—in the current browser window or a new browser window. The default is for the new page to open in the current browser window, replacing the page from which you linked. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

20. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks • You can also specify the Name attribute in an anchor link, associating a name to a specific named location within a Web page: • <a name=“anchor_name”>Some Text</a> • “anchor_name” is your name for the anchor • “Some Text” is the text being named as the anchor Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

21. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks • This type of name is used to do things like jump from the end of a page back to the top, or to skip around on a page. • The format for the anchor tag to link to a named anchor on the same page is: • <a href=“#anchor_name”>Link Text</a> • To link to a named anchor on another page: • <a href=“absolute or relative path#anchor_name”>Link Text</a> Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

22. Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks Anchor Tag in the Bands Page Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

23. Understanding Cascading Style Sheets • Because of the limitations of HTML styles, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created. • A CSS style is a rule that defines how an element appears either through modifying an HTML style or setting up a custom one. • CSS styles define text appearance, position, and many other aspects of Web page layout. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

24. Understanding Cascading Style Sheets • A CSS style can be defined in one place and used to modify text in many places. • Unlike HTML styles, if you change a CSS style, all text using that style is also changed. • CSS styles were developed with HTML 4 and therefore are not fully compatible with older browsers. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

25. Creating CSS Styles • When you create a CSS style, you will choose: • Type (there are three choices): • Redefined HTML tag - where you modify an existing tag • Custom style - where you create an entirely new style • Advanced style - used to redefine formatting for a group of tags or for all tags that contain a particular ID attribute • Name/Tag/Selector: the name for whatever type of style you selected above • Define in: internal or external style sheet Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

26. Understanding Cascading Style Sheets • Then choose the attributes for the CSS style: • Type: font tag attributes such as font, size, color, etc. • Background: a color or image appearing behind a page element over the Web page background. • Block: spacing and alignment settings for tags and attributes. • Box: controls the characteristics of the selection box that surrounds text elements. • Border: dimensions, color and line styles of the box that surrounds text elements. • List: format of bullets and bulleted lists. • Positioning: controls the placement of text on the screen. • Extensions: controls printing page breaks, pointer appearance as it hovers over objects and special affects. This is not supported in many browsers. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

27. Modifying HTML Tags • The easiest way to create a CSS style is to redefine an existing HTML tag because tags often are automatically inserted. • Dreamweaver provides a list of available tags where you can edit existing attributes or add new ones. • When you modify the attributes associated with a tag, the changes you make will apply to every instance of that tag. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

28. Modifying HTML Tags CSS Styles Panel Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

29. Modifying HTML Tags New CSS Rule Dialog Box Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

30. Modifying HTML Tags CSS Rule Definition for h2 Dialog Box Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

31. Creating and Applying Custom Style Classes • You can also create new custom style classes • A custom style class name should begin with a period (.) and contain no spaces or special characters. • Once you create a custom style class, you must apply it to the text you want to format. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

32. Creating and Applying Custom Style Classes • You apply a style to selected text by selecting the style from the Style list in the Property inspector. • To help you remember what a style looks like, each style name in the Style list in the Property inspector is formatted with the attributes for that style. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

33. Using the Advanced CSS Type to Customize Anchor Tag Pseudoclasses You can create CSS styles manually using the advanced style. When you create an advanced style, you redefine the formatting for a group of tags or for tags containing a specific ID attribute. You will create a CSS style (or rule) for each part, or pseudoclass, of the <a> tag. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

34. Using the Advanced CSS Type to Customize Anchor Tag Pseudoclasses • A pseudoclass is any class that is applied to entities other than HTML Specifications Standard tags. • The anchor tag <a> is broken into four parts (pseudoclasses): • a:link • a:hover • a:active • a:visited Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

35. Using External Style Sheets • Applying CSS across a Web site requires the creation of an external style sheet. • Using an external style sheet enables you to make site-wide stylistic changes by updating one file. • You can either create the styles in the external style sheet, or export them to it if they are already created. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

36. Using External Style Sheets External Style Sheet Displayed in the Files Panel Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

37. Using External Style Sheets • Styles moved to an external style sheet are automatically deleted from within the page. • To attach an external style sheet to a Web page, you must open the page in the Document window, click the Attach Style Sheet button in the CSS Styles panel, and then choose the desired style sheet. • You can add new styles to an external style sheet at any time. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

38. Using External Style Sheets Attach External Style Sheet Dialog Box Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

39. Examining Code for CSS Styles • As CSS styles are added, Dreamweaver adds information to the head of a Web page between the head tags. • When you attach an external style sheet to a Web page, a link tag is placed in the head portion of the HTML code for that page. • When you use an internal or embedded style sheet, the styles are embedded in the head tag for that Web page. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

40. Examining Code for CSS Styles • Embedded code will usually look like this: <style type=“text/css”> <! - - name { attribute-name: attribute value; attribute2-name: attribute2 value; } - - > </style> where name is the style name, the HTML tag name, or the tag and pseudoclass name Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

41. Examining Code for CSS Styles • Style definitions appear inside the style tags: • <style type=“text/css”>style definitions</style> • Where type indicates the style format that follows • The comment tag is nested within the style tag: • <! - - style definitions - -> • Comment tags are used to hide the style definitions from older browsers Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

42. Examining Code for CSS Styles • The format for the style definition is: • name { • attribute-name: attribute value; • attribute2-name: attribute2 value; • } • The style name indicates whether it is a custom style, a redefined tag or an advanced style tag. • . Name: custom style • Tag name: redefined tag • Tag name followed by a colon and the pseudoclass: advanced style Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

43. Examining Code for CSS Styles • An external style sheet can be used whenever the Web page contains a link to it in its head and the styles are located in the style sheet. • The general format for link tags is: • <link rel=“stylesheet” href=“stylesheeturl.css” type=“text/css”> • link identifies the type of tag • rel= indicates relationship between the link and the page • href= is the URL of the linked document • type= is the form of the content that will follow Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

44. Examining Code for CSS Styles Code for the External Style Sheet in the Bands Page Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

45. Viewing Style Tags • When you select text and apply a custom style class, HTML code is added in one of three ways: • Adding attributes to an existing tag: if the text already has attributes, the new attributes are added. • Applying a custom style class to a block of text: when there were no attributes, the entire block is surrounded with the div tag and the custom style attributes. • Applying a custom style class to a text selection: when the selection is smaller than a block of text, the selection is surrounded by the span tag with the custom attributes. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

46. Editing CSS Styles • When you edit a style, the changes are applied automatically across the Web site wherever that style was used. • You can control the look and consistency of the entire Web site from one centralized set of specifications. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

47. Editing CSS Styles • You can manage and edit your styles using: • CSS Rule Definition dialog box • Properties pane in the CSS Styles panel • Property inspector Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

48. Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text Several HTML tags are used with text. When you create Web pages in Design view, Dreamweaver places the appropriate HTML tags around the text for you. To see the HTML tags, you need to switch to either Code view or Split view. Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

49. Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text Reference Panel for Selected HTML Paragraph Tag Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3

50. Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text • It is not a good idea to add CSS styles to Web sites created in an older version of HTML. • You can modify these pages in a number of ways: • Creating the code manually in Code view • Set preferences so Dreamweaver uses only HTML tags to format pages Dreamweaver CS3 Tutorial 3