Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

1. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Chapter C2

2. Nonrenewable Resources (#1) • Useful minerals and other materials that people take from the Earth are called ____________ ___________ • A __________ _________ is a resource that cannot be replaced once it is used up • Nonrenewable resources take ___________ of years to form • _______ and __________ resources are nonrenewable • __________ are used to make silicone chips for computers, metals such as aluminum, copper, silver and gold. They also include _______ such as diamonds and emeralds • Mineral deposits from rocks can become hot and flow through cracks in cooler rocks, forming deposits called _________. Minerals such as _______ and __________ can be found in veins

3. Nonrenewable Resources (#2) • Mineral deposits can also form in _________, and as it cools, heavy materials sink and form deposits rich in ________, such as iron and nickel • Mineral deposits are spread out _________ throughout the Earth, and thus countries often ________ to get the resources they need • _______ is another example of a nonrenewable resource • Minerals go back into the soil when plants and animals ______ and __________ • People can destroy soil by __________ it, or by putting certain ____________ on it • It takes _____________ of years to replace a few centimeters of soil

4. Renewable and Reusable Resources • A ____________ resource is one that the Earth produces new amounts of at the same rate as they are used • Most _________ are renewable resources, but only if new trees are allowed to grow • Important products such as _________, __________, ________, and turpentine come from forests • Resources such as _______ and ______ are not renewable and can be used over and over. We call them ____________ resources • Natural cycles such as the ________ _______ renew the Earth’s reusable resources • Sun __________ water from the Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and as it _______, water vapor ___________, forming clouds • Although reusable resources cannot be used up, they can be ___________ • During ___________, water loses any pollution it may have picked up. But, _________ and _________ pick up any pollution in the air

5. Fossil Fuels • _______, ________ ______, and ____________ are valuable resources known as fossil fuels • They are called fossils fuels because they formed from the _______ of once-living _________ • Fossil fuels are ___________ resources • __________ a fossil fuel releases large amounts of ________ and so are widely used • Fossil fuels are found in many places and the technology for ________ fossil fuels has improved and thus increased their use • Coal is used to make __________ • ____________, made from petroleum, are found in medicines, makeup, paints and plastics

6. Energy from the Sun (#1) • __________ fossil fuels releases energy that came form the ______ • The energy was stored in ______ of ancient __________ that were buried in ________ millions of years ago • So, coal, natural gas, and petroleum are found in layers of __________ rock • _________ is the world’s most widely used fossil fuel and produces a lot of ______ when it is burned • Petroleum is mainly used for ___________ because it is easier to ________ and ________ than coal and natural gas • The petroleum used today formed when microorganisms ________ and fell to the bottom of ancient _______ • Over many years, layer upon layer of _________ covered them and deep within the Earth there is a lot of _______ and ________ and this helped change their decaying ________ into petroleum and natural gas

7. Energy from the Sun (#2) • Natural gas is mostly a gas called __________ and is used mostly for _______ and ________ • _______ is the most common fossil fuel and comes from ________ that lived in swamps ________ of years ago • Mud and other ________ covered their remains at the bottom of swamps and slowly the plants changed into ______ • The United States has large deposits of ______ and _________ _________

8. Energy from the Sun (#3) • The United States uses so much petroleum that some is ________ from Saudi Arabia and Nigeria • _________ _________ stations use most of the _______ mined in the United States and have found ways to control ___________ • The world is slowing running out of ________ _______ and are starting to use more ___________ resources, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric energy

9. Coal Formation • As coal forms, it goes through ______ stages, and the amount of ______ increases at each stage • Stage 1: _______ formation, which is a soft, brown material made up of partly _________ plants that forms in ________ • Stage 2: ________ is produced from peat, which is a soft, brown _______ and as layers of sand and mud build up their weight squeezes __________ out of the peat, turning it into a soft rock • Stage 3: __________ forms and is a fairly hard, dark brown, or black ________. Millions of years of _______ and _________ of even more layers of sediment turn __________ into bitumen • __________ is the most common type of coal mined and used today • Stage 4: Bitumen becomes _________, which is a hard, black rock formed under great heat and pressure and is almost pure ________

10. Petroleum and Natural Gas • Petroleum and natural gas are found only in _________ rock • Geologists can identify ______ structures that are likely to hold petroleum and natural gas • Since the microorganisms that formed lived in ______, many petroleum and natural deposits are found _____ ______ • ___________ drilling takes place from huge platforms built over the water • When a drill locates a deposit of petroleum or natural gas, the petroleum has to be _________ to the ground • Sometimes the petroleum is under such great pressure that it _________ to the surface and lead to the waste of valuable petroleum

11. Making Choices • Earth’s population is _______, but the amounts of _______ _______ are not • Each choice and decision we make has only a small effect on _______ ______ but the choices have a big effect over _______

12. Changing Behaviors • The simplest way to conserve nonrenewable natural resources is to ________ _________ resources • Saving renewable and reusable resources from damage includes keeping them free from ____________ • Renewable resources need protection from __________ • Limiting ___________ through laws and protecting __________ that provide habitats for animals is essential

13. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle • It takes __________ trees each week just to make paper for Sunday newspapers • One way to conserve resources is to ________ the amounts that are used • Using less energy conserves ________ _________; using less paper conserves __________; using fewer bottles and cans conserves ____________ • Many things that can’t be reused can be __________, which is the process of taking back a _________ used to make a product • Recycling aluminum cans saves both _________ and _______ as making cans from recycled aluminum uses much less ________ than making cans from bauxite does