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What qualifies an organism to fit in Plantae?

What qualifies an organism to fit in Plantae?. Must be able to photosynthesize Almost unlimited growth in certain regions Have cells with cellulose Lack of organs to move No nervous system or sensory system Have haploid and diploid generations . (britannica,2007).

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What qualifies an organism to fit in Plantae?

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  1. What qualifies an organism to fit in Plantae? • Must be able to photosynthesize • Almost unlimited growth in certain regions • Have cells with cellulose • Lack of organs to move • No nervous system or sensory system • Have haploid and diploid generations (britannica,2007)

  2. Distinguishing Characteristics of Plantae Compared To Other Kingdoms By: Nadja Van Brenk

  3. Plants Compared to… Animals Plants: generally in one place, chlorophyll Animals: can move on own Plants: make food, can’t sense (usually) Animals: plants/ animals, sensory + nervous system Plants: give oxygen + take in CO2 Animals: give CO2 + take in oxygen (mcwdn.org)

  4. Difference Between Plants and… Fungi Plants: can make food, have chlorophyll Fungi: can NOT make food, no chlorophyll Plants: reproduce through pollen/seeds Fungi: reproduce through spores (reproductive unit) – (Google Translate) Plants: attach ground, cellulose, produce biomass Fungi: net filaments, chitin, decompose biomass (Difference Between.net)

  5. Plants compared to… Achaea Eubacteria Plants: found in oxygenenvironments Achaea: only in oxygen free environments Plants: reproduce through seeds/pollen Achaea: reproduce through “binary fission” (Jirage, October 18,2012) Plants: seeds/pollen Eubacteria: “binary fission” (pinch off, DNA splits) (Chelius, Kent, Yannarell, Triplett)

  6. Plants: don’t move • Protista: flagellum, cilia, or amoeboid mechanisms • Plants: cell wall • Protista: usuallyno cell wall • Protista: TINY. (Caprette) Difference Between Plants and Protista

  7. What do plants have? • Plants can make their own food • Sunlight, water + carbon dioxide = simple sugars • Terrestrial plants vascular system • Water from ground + into plant • Aquatic plants absorb water + nutrients leaves

  8. What does it have? • Plants take carbon dioxide • Use for photosynthesis, + release oxygen • Plants have cell wall, cellulose + pectin • Plants rely third parties to procreate • ex: wind, animals + water

  9. What traits are required? Multi-cellular and develop from embryos Photosynthesize, contain chloroplasts Cellular-based cell walls  Plants are eukaryotes (Abedon,1997) (Waters,2006)

  10. Aloe Vera Scientific name- Aloe vera or Aloe barbadensis (LINCOLNOSE2®, flickr, 2008) (Olga berrios, 2008)

  11. What is Aloe? • Aloe is a Lilly like plant • Is found in warm, dry climates • Is grey-green with about 25 leaves • The plant has little/no stem • Has medical qualities • Native to Africa (Sheep"R"Us, flickr, 2008)

  12. Taxonomy of Aloe Kingdom-Plantae Subkingdom-Tracheobionta Superdivision- Spermatophyta Division-Magnoliophyta Class-Liliopsida Subclass-Liliidae Order-Liliales Family-Aloaceae Genus-Aloe L (USDA,2006)

  13. Habitats • Aloe was originally from Africa • Now found in many warm climates • Grown commercially in California, Texas, Florida • Found in, America, Europe, Australia, Mediterranean (Onekell, flickr, 2006) (Pfatter, flickr, 2012) (Samuel said,2003, Earlham, 2003)

  14. Threats to Aloe • Frost in the ground is fatal • Flooding, roots can drown • Animals will eat aloe • Deforestation, humans taking its habitat away • Also fires when climate is dry (Leonora Enking, 2010)

  15. Human impact • Humans use the plant for medicine • We also plant and farm Aloe • We've moved it to many countries • Our deforestation takes away its habitat (Gravitywave, flickr, 2005) ( jdong, flickr, 2007)

  16. Medical benefits • Heals wounds, cuts, burns and constipation • Has agents to kill/control infection • pain killing agents as well • Contains anti-inflammatory fatty acids • has 23 immune stimulators • Also 2 tumour fighting ingredients (Phuong Tran, flickr, 2010) (flp, 2005)

  17. References Britannica.(2007, ). .Retrieved from http://kids.britannica.com/lm/passport/plant_kingdom.pdf Samuel said.(2003, ). Forever living products.Retrieved from http://www.aloeria.co.uk/html/top_10_flp_facts.html USDA(united states department of agriculture).(2006, ).Plants profile, aloe .Retrieved from http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=alve2 Earlham college.(2003,April 4).Aloe Vera.Retrieved from http://legacy.earlham.edu/~banvael/aloevera.html Lincolnose(2008)http://www.flickr.com/photos/lincolnose2/2262852050/ ( Olga berrios, 2008) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ofernandezberrios/2846295298/ One kell (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013http://www.flickr.com/photos/onekell/125052894/ Augustsieben(2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013http://www.flickr.com/photos/augustsieben/7148520631/ enkin (2010) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/4248212766/ Jdong (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jdong/626808472/sizes/m/in/photostream/ Gravity wave (2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/37176722/ Phuong (2009) retrieved from march 4th 2013http://www.flickr.com/photos/phuonglovejesus2782010/5558469173/ Sheeprus.(2008, ).Aloe Vera .Retrieved from retrieved from march 4th 2013http://www.flickr.com/photos/sheeprus/2917537790.

  18. Venus flytrap By: Nadja Van Brenk Kingdom: Plantae Phylum:Anthophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Nepenthales Family:Droseraceae Genus: Dionaea (Arkive) (Cepolina)

  19. What is a Venus flytrap? Definition: carnivorous plant, catches + digests prey (Google translate) Dionaea muscipula Dionaea – “diana”- goddess of love + beauty Muscipula – mousetrap Venus – goddess Aphrodite “Dione” flytrap – catches insects (Matt, 2008, April 4)

  20. Stock- around <14 inches • 4-8 leaves (rosette formation) • Short roots, cilia, trigger hairs, lobes (Carolina Carnivores, 2004) • Tiny white flowers bloom- unless cut (Vicynthia, May 21, 2012) • Glands on lobes (nectar/digestive juices) • Interior= red/exterior= green (Schnell, 2002) Structure Botanical Society of America

  21. Venus flytrap Habitat Coast North + South Carolina (savannas + wetlands) –(Schnell, 2002) Most plants can’t survive- flytraps can Soil around pH 4-5 In peat, sand, or loam Perennial Habitat of not usually below 32 F (Meeker-O’Connell) (Carolina Carnivores, 2004)

  22. timer @ one touch (range 20-40 seconds) • lobes snap shut (about 0.3 seconds) • fluid shift + growth cells outer surface (Schnell, 2002) How does it catch it’s prey? Contains ion channels Fires neurons Stimulated mechanoreception (chemical + electrical changes) (Rogers, 2009, July 31)

  23. not food = “spit” out 12h later • The cilia will keep prey inside • digestive fluids IN and bacteria OUT • After 4-5 openings, turns black + dies • slightly open after catching prey (Meeker-O’Connell) How Does it Catch it’s Prey (Continued)

  24. digestive juices + dissolves inner NOT exoskeleton 5-12 days: • Reabsorbs digestive juices + opens up (Meeker, O’Connell) How does the Venus flytrap Digest the Prey? Size of prey Temperature How old the Venus Fly Trap is # of times going through the process (Botanical Society of America)

  25. Human beings • Logging and trying to stop wildfires • Poachers (for profit) (Jennings, 2012, January 26) (Baker, 2008, May 10) Endangerment Status

  26. Venus flytrap Applications/Impacts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7eQKSf0LmY extract to make an herbal remedy Liquid form/capsule Injected/by mouth Plumbagin – active ingredient Also: flavonoids, acids, enzymes Some people believe it prevents cancers, etc. (American Cancer Society, 2008)

  27. References References Baker, M. (2008, May 10). USA Today. Retrieved February 25, 2013 from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/environment/2008-10-05-venus-flytraps_N.htm Caprette, D.R. (n.d.). Experimental Biosciences. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/kingdoms.html Chelius, M.K., Kent, A.D., Yannarell, A.C., & Triplett, E.W. (n.d.) Biology Reference. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.biologyreference.com/Ep-Fl/Eubacteria.html Jennings, A. (2012, January 26). abc News. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://abcnews.go.com/US/endangered-venus-flytrap-poached-profit/story?id=15444075 Jirage, R. (2012, October 10). Buzzle. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/characteristics-of-archaebacteria.html Johnson, R.L, (2007). Carnivorous Plants. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company. Matt. (2008, April 4). FlyTrap Care. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.flytrapcare.com/venus-fly-trap-background-information.html?start=3 Meeker-O’Connell, A. (n.d.) How Stuff Works. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/venus-flytrap.htm Roberts, A. (n.d.) Ehow Home. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/facts_7624155_relationship-between-venus-flytrap-insects.html Rogers, K. (2009, July 31). Encyclopedia Britannica Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2009/07/the-carnivorous-venus-flytrap/

  28. References Schnell, D.E. (2002). Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada (2nd Edition). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. Tucker, A. (2010, February). Smithsonian.com. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/The-Venus-Flytraps-Lethal-Allure.html?c=y&page=1 Vicynthia. (2012, May 21). Tree-nation. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.tree-nation.com/forests/discussions/2038/highlight-a-fact-about-rainforests-flowers Carolina Carnivores. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://carolinacarnivores.com/html/venus_flytrap.html American Cancer Society. (2008, November 28). Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/venus-flytrap Archaea [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaea Plants. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.mcwdn.org/Plants/PlantsDiffer.html My Carnivore. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.mycarnivore.com/venus-fly-trap-care.php Carnivorous Venus Fly Trap- Carnivorous [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.cepolina.com/carnivorous-venus-fly-trap.html Difference Between.net. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-fungi-and-plants/ BBC. (2009, December 2). Life- Venus Flytraps: Jaws of Death- BBC One [Video]. Available from http://www.youtube.com/ Venus Flytrap closed [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-muscipula/image-G130819.html The Mysterious Venus’ Flytrap. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.botany.org/bsa/misc/carn.html Arkive. (2006, June 6). Rice, Barry. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-muscipula/image-G130819.html

  29. Kingdom presentations Pitcher plant Pitcher plant photo(2013)retrieved march 3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com

  30. Taxonomy Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu

  31. Nutrition Pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant Attracts prey by secreting nectar Primary food source is insects Feeds on nectar, moves into plant Then the prey falls into plant Enzymes released by special digestive glands Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu

  32. Habitat Native to anyplace with right habitat Sunny bogs, covered in peat moss Soil they live in water logged Soil is low in minerals Soil has low pH levels Soil has low nitrogen levels Mentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com

  33. Threats Loss of its wetland environment Air and water pollution, forest clearing Forest clearing Other man made environmental changes Loss of plant will affect ecosystem U.S fish and wildlife service(January 11, 2012) retrieved march 3 2013, www.fws.gov.com Oien, Larry(september 7,2012)retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com

  34. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya2ndp1OrPQ

  35. References General: Martinez, Jessica (2013) Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com Specific: Malloy, Gerald(2008) Bioweb, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu Mentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com U.S fish and wildlife service(January 11,2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.fws.gov.com Pictures: Oien, Larry(September 7, 2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com (slide 5) Pitcher plant photo (2013), retrieved march3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com, (title)

  36. Angel’s Trumpet ) Brugmansia candida (Ghosh, 2008)

  37. Taxonomy Kingdom- Plantae Phyla- Magnoliophyta(flowering) Class- Magnoliopsida Order- Solanales Family- Solanaceae Genus- Brugmansia Species- candida (Murphy,2005) (National Tropical Botanical Garden, 2013)

  38. Description Evergreen shrub Grows to be 10-20 feet tall The plant creates an umbrella-like canopy Flowers grow to 9-14 inches long Many colours: white, yellow, orange + pink All parts of plant are poisonous (National Tropical Botanical Garden,2013)

  39. Habitat Native to South America Runs from Columbia, down to southern Peru + middle of Chile Grows best in damp conditions Can be grown in North America - should in greenhouse, temperatures under 5°C (Butterfield, 2009) (National Tropical Botanical Garden, 2013)

  40. Hallucinogenic Scopolamine causes powerful hallucinations Plant induces a trance stage Affects violent, user may physically restrained Overdose symptoms: convulsions, coma, permanent damage heart, death (Porter,2009) (TheDrugSafety.com, 2011)

  41. Native Uses Drink hot + cold infusions, leaves + flowers Goundseeds into fermented maize beer Natives Brazil smoke leaves narcotic effect Believed to relieve asthma Top(Tropicals LLC, 2003 – 2013) (Valke,2010)

  42. References Information Angel’s Trumpet. (NA). Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://thedrugsafety.com/herbs/datura-and-brugmansia/ Brugmansiax candida.(NA).Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?plantid=11850 Datura . (NA). Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/special.htm Evolution of Plants (1997, May 19). Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol3060.htm Pictures Angel’s Trumpet[Photograph]. 2008. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AngelTrumpet_Mounts_Asit.jpg Angel’s Trumpet[Photograph]. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/victoriaporter/3267291508/ Besharam[Photograph]. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-2464316864 Brugmansia[Photograph]. 2005. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brugmansia_(detail).jpg Brugmansia[Photograph]. 2009. Retrieved from http://ja.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-40202916 Rhusglabra[Photograph]. 2006. Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/tim-waters/185587269/

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