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The Olympians

The Olympians . The Major Deities . Children of Cronus and Rhea Zeus/Jupiter Hera/Juno Poseidon/Neptune Hades/Pluto Hestia/ Vesta Children of Zeus Hephaestus/Vulcan Athena/Minerva Ares/Mars Apollo Artemis/Diana Demeter/Ceres Hermes/Mercury Dionysius/Bacchus Other Aphrodite/Venus .

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The Olympians

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  1. The Olympians

  2. The Major Deities Children of Cronus and Rhea • Zeus/Jupiter • Hera/Juno • Poseidon/Neptune • Hades/Pluto • Hestia/Vesta Children of Zeus • Hephaestus/Vulcan • Athena/Minerva • Ares/Mars • Apollo • Artemis/Diana • Demeter/Ceres • Hermes/Mercury • Dionysius/Bacchus Other • Aphrodite/Venus

  3. Nature of the Gods • Polytheism • Characteristics

  4. Olympian Schedule • Today: Zeus, Hera, Ares, Hephaestus, and Hestia • Tuesday: Poseidon • Wednesday: Athena • Thursday: Aphrodite • Next Monday: Artemis and Apollo • Next Tuesday: Hermes and Dionysius • Next Wednesday: Demeter and Hades

  5. Hestia • Realm: chastity, hearth, sacred fire, family, home • Animal: none • Symbols: fire • Depiction: as chaste woman • Vesta in Rome • Vestal Virgins • Palladium

  6. Zeus/Jupiter Realm: king of gods, sky, weather, law, order, fate Animal: eagle Plant: oak Symbols: thunderbolt, royal scepter Epithet: Cloud-Gatherer Depiction: regal, mature (bearded) man; holds thunderbolt; wears aegis Sacred city: Olympia Bust of Zeus, 4th Century BCE

  7. Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia

  8. Jupiter • Capitoline Triad

  9. Hera/Juno • Realm: queen of the gods, women, marriage, fertility • Animal: cow, peacock, cuckoo, duck • Plant: Pomegranate • Symbols: plant-tipped scepter • Epithet: Cow-Eyed, white-armed • Sacred Places: Argos, Samos • Depiction: as matronly woman, holding lotus-tipped staff, veiled Zeus and Hera, Temple of Hera, Silenus, Sicily

  10. Children of Zeus and Hera • Eileithya- Goddess of Childbirth (mother-daughter merge) • Hebe- goddess of youthful bloom, cupbearer of gods, wife of Heracles • Side note: Ganymede is also a cupbearer • Hephaestus • Ares Top: Zeus and Ganymede, 460-440 Right: Zeus and Ganymede, Temple of Zeus, Olympia

  11. Hephaestus/Vulcan • Realm: forge, craftsman, metallurgy, fire, volcanoes • Animal: donkey, crane • Plant: fennel (used for fuel) • Symbols: forge, hammer • Epithet: the lame one, shrewd, coppersmith • Sacred Places: Lemnos • Depiction: lame god, ugly god, bearded, holding hammer and tongs, riding donkey • Volcanal The Forge of Vulcan, Velazquez

  12. Venus and Mars in Vulcan's Net. Martin Van Heemskerk, 1536. Below: Venus and Mars, Botticelli, 1483

  13. Ares/Mars • Realm: physical/violent war • Animal: barn owl, vulture, dog, serpent • Plant: none • Symbols: war instruments • Epithet: curse of men, sacker of cities, women raping • Sacred Places: none • Depiction: mature, bearded warrior dressed in battle arms, or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear Ludovisi Ares, 2nd century AD copy of 4th century Greek original

  14. Temple of Mars Ultor- Mars the Avenger

  15. Muses • Muses = Zeus + Mnemosyne (memory) • Mnemosyne is a Titan • Muses “reminders” – memorize three! • Calliope “beautiful voice” – epic poetry • Clio “make famous” – history (or the Lyre) • Euterpe “giving much delight” – lyric poetry/tragedy(plays)/flute • Melpomene “celebrate with song” – tragedy (or lyre) • Terpsichore “delighting in dance” – choral dancing (flute) • Erato “lovely” – love poetry (hymns to gods/lyre) • Polyhymnia “many hymns” – sacred music (dancing) • Urania “heavenly one” – astronomy • Thalia “rich festivity” – comedy

  16. The Nine muses Trier, Germany 3rd-4th century AD

  17. The Fates (Moirai, Parcae) • Clotho “Spinner” • Lachesis “Apportioner” • Atopos “Inflexible” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkhWkf8c4P4

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