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The Olympians

The Olympians. The First Generation. The Children of Kronos & Rhea. Zeus (Latin: Jupiter, Jove) Poseidon (Latin: Neptune) Hades (Latin: Pluto) Hera (Latin: Juno) Demeter (Latin: Ceres) Hestia (Latin: Vesta). Zeus’ Childhood. Amaltheia Goat Nursed Zeus Sacrificed => made into aegis

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The Olympians

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  1. The Olympians The First Generation

  2. The Children of Kronos & Rhea • Zeus (Latin: Jupiter, Jove) • Poseidon (Latin: Neptune) • Hades (Latin: Pluto) • Hera (Latin: Juno) • Demeter (Latin: Ceres) • Hestia (Latin: Vesta)

  3. Zeus’ Childhood • Amaltheia • Goat • Nursed Zeus • Sacrificed => made into aegis • Aegis produces: • Thunder • Fear • Often used by Athena

  4. Zeus’ Power • Artistic representations: • Lightning • Scepter • Throne • Eagle British Museum, Vase E313 Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

  5. Zeus as Supreme Ruler • “Kings come from Zeus.” (Hesiod, Theogony line 97) • Zeus + Themis (“Divinely Right”) • Eunomia (“Good Law”) • Dike (“Justice”) • Eirene (“Peace”) • The transgression of order = injustice

  6. “Father of gods and men” Zeus’ wives (according to Hesiod): Metis (“Intelligence”) Athena Themis the Seasons (Eunomia, Dike, and Eirene) & theFates Eurynome the Graces Demeter Persephone Mnemosyne the Muses Leto Apollo and Artemis Hera Ares, Hebe (Youth), Eileithyia (Childbirth) Zeus as Supreme Begetter

  7. Metis • “Intelligence” • Daughter of Okeanos • Destined to bear next the successor to cosmic power • Zeus swallows Metis: suppression • Metis bears Athena, equal to Zeus in power (but female) • Cannot now conceive a second child • Metis is now a part of Zeus

  8. Zeus: Large and in Charge • Most powerful • Defeats Kronos (and Typhoeus) • Most powerful because... he is oldest(?!?!) • His siblings only “existed” after he released them from Kronos

  9. Tripartite Division “Since we are three brothers born by Rheia to Kronos, Zeus, and I, and the third is Hades, lord of the dead men. All was divided among us three ways, each given his domain. I when the lots were shaken drew the grey sea to live in forever; Hades drew the lots of the mists and the darkness, and Zeus was allotted the wide sky, in the cloud and the bright air. But earth and high Olympos are common to all three.” (Homer, Iliad 15.187–93, transl. Lattimore)

  10. Dodona • Oracle of Zeus • Answers from: • Rustling of oak leaves? • Doves? • Cauldrons and tripods? • Oak trees and leaves areanother symbol of Zeus Zeus Keraunios (discovered at Dodona) Athens, National Museum X 16546

  11. Dodona Photo: Kim Shelton

  12. Olympia

  13. Olympia

  14. Olympia

  15. Poseidon • Artistic representations: • Trident • Sea creatures • Amphitrite • Monstrous sons • Uncontrollablestrength • Horses • Earthquakes Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 01.8070

  16. Poseidon’s Horse: the Hippocamp British Museum, Vase B428

  17. Temple of Poseidon at Sounion

  18. Temple of Poseidon at Sounion

  19. Temple of Poseidon at Sounion

  20. Hades • Artistic depictions: • Scepter • Cornucopia • Rooster British Museum, Vase E82

  21. British Museum, Vase E82

  22. Hera • Goddess of marriage • hieros gamos “So speaking, the son of Kronos caught his wife in his arms. There underneath them the divine earth broke into young, fresh grass, and into dewy clover, crocus and hyacinth so thick and soft it held the hard ground deep away from them. There they lay down together and drew about them a golden wonderful cloud, and from it the glimmering dew descended.” (Homer, Iliad 14.345– 51, transl. Lattimore)

  23. Hera and Zeus’ Children • Ares • God of war • Hephaistos • Lame smith god • In some accounts, son of Hera alone • Hebe (Youth) • Eileithyia • Goddess of childbirth

  24. Heraion at Argos

  25. Heraion at Samos

  26. British Museum, Vase E140 Demeter Poseidon ~ Demeter ~ Zeus Despoina Persephone ~ Hades IMPROPER PROPER • Eleusis • Kourotrophos: “Nurturer of children” • Pomegranates = Marriage

  27. Hestia • Goddess of the hearth • Rarely in Greek myth • Very important in Rome

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