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How was Earth formed?

How was Earth formed?. Big Bang Theory. 13.7 billion years ago Creation of all matter Hydrogen and Helium the first More complex elements evolved through time. The Expanding Universe. The Doppler effect is used to document the expanding universe. Red shift. Hubble’s Law.

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How was Earth formed?

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  1. How was Earth formed?

  2. Big Bang Theory • 13.7 billion years ago • Creation of all matter • Hydrogen and Helium the first • More complex elements evolved through time

  3. The Expanding Universe • The Doppler effect is used to document the expanding universe

  4. Red shift

  5. Hubble’s Law • Red shift is related to distance • The farther galaxies are moving faster than the closer galaxies

  6. The Nebula Hypotheses

  7. The solar system formed from a collapsed nebula 1734 by Emanuel Swedenborg Observations support this idea The Nebular Hypothesis

  8. Gas (98%) and dust (2%) Rotates and is held together by gravitational force Nebulae: step 1

  9. Step 2: The Nebula collapses • The collapsed mass forms a proto-sun due to gravitational force • Contraction increases speed of rotation: collapse

  10. Step 3: sun is formed, disk cleared • The disk is “cleared out” due to the immense amount of energy released. • Sun is formed • Dust and gases cool and condense in defined orbits around the sun

  11. Nebula hypothesis: step 4- planet formation • Temperature differences with respect to distance from sun • Closer, where temperatures are higher, iron and silicates condense • Farther, cooler, hydrogen, water condense • material collides and accretes forming planetesimals (small planets)

  12. Evidence: Orion Nebula • Third star down on Orion’s belt • 100 light years across (1 light year equals 6 trillion miles) • Reflection of dust and hydrogen

  13. Gaseous disks are circling proto-suns. 2-17 times larger than our solar system About 153 protoplanetary disks found in the Orion Nebula Evidence: Collapsed nebulae discs found in the Orion nebula

  14. Early Earth • Homogenous • Very hot 13:40

  15. Segregation of elements: gravitational force Compositionally distinct layers Physically distinct layers Remember: the liquid outer core with the Earth’s rotation produces the magnetic field.

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