The Digestive System

1. 23 The DigestiveSystem

2. The esophagus is a part of the __________, while the pancreas is considered a(n) __________ when it comes to the digestive system. • alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ • stomach; propulsion organ • accessory organs; alimentary canal component • pharynx; mechanical breakdown organ

3. The esophagus is a part of the __________, while the pancreas is considered a(n) __________ when it comes to the digestive system. • alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ • stomach; propulsion organ • accessory organs; alimentary canal component • pharynx; mechanical breakdown organ

4. The majority of absorption occurs in the __________. • stomach • small intestine • large intestine • mouth

5. The majority of absorption occurs in the __________. • stomach • small intestine • large intestine • mouth

6. The majority of __________ occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. • ingestion • chemical digestion • mechanical breakdown • absorption

7. The majority of __________ occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. • ingestion • chemical digestion • mechanical breakdown • absorption

8. Stimuli that regulate gastrointestinal tract activity are generated by __________. • the CNS • chemoreceptors in the gut • the enteric nerve plexus • all of the above

9. Stimuli that regulate gastrointestinal tract activity are generated by __________. • the CNS • chemoreceptors in the gut • the enteric nerve plexus • all of the above

10. Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost. • Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa • Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa • Serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa • Muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa, mucosa

11. Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost. • Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa • Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa • Serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa • Muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa, mucosa

12. Which of the following types of epithelial tissues predominates in most of the digestive tract? • Simple squamous • Stratified squamous • Simple columnar • Simple cuboidal

13. Which of the following types of epithelial tissues predominates in most of the digestive tract? • Simple squamous • Stratified squamous • Simple columnar • Simple cuboidal

14. In general, parasympathetic inputs to the gut are __________, while sympathetic inputs are __________. • stimulatory; inhibitory • rapid; long lasting • inhibitory; stimulatory • hormonal; neural

15. In general, parasympathetic inputs to the gut are __________, while sympathetic inputs are __________. • stimulatory; inhibitory • rapid; long lasting • inhibitory; stimulatory • hormonal; neural

16. Chemical digestion is initiated in the __________. • mouth • stomach • small intestine • large intestine

17. Chemical digestion is initiated in the __________. • mouth • stomach • small intestine • large intestine

18. Why does your mouth suddenly “go dry” when you are about to deliver a presentation to a large crowd? • Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation. • Parasympathetic activity inhibits salivation. • Sympathetic activity stimulates salivation. • Sympathetic activity inhibits salivation.

19. Why does your mouth suddenly “go dry” when you are about to deliver a presentation to a large crowd? • Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation. • Parasympathetic activity inhibits salivation. • Sympathetic activity stimulates salivation. • Sympathetic activity inhibits salivation.

20. Most teeth are primarily composed of __________. • enamel • pulp • dentin • cementum

21. Most teeth are primarily composed of __________. • enamel • pulp • dentin • cementum

22. What is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter? • Acid reflux into the esophagus • Uncontrollable bowel movements • Heart attack • Rapid overfilling of the stomach

23. What is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter? • Acid reflux into the esophagus • Uncontrollable bowel movements • Heart attack • Rapid overfilling of the stomach

24. __________ involves over 22 muscle groups and includes the buccal phase and the pharyngeal-esophageal phase. • Mastication • Bolus formation • Deglutition • Peristalsis

25. __________ involves over 22 muscle groups and includes the buccal phase and the pharyngeal-esophageal phase. • Mastication • Bolus formation • Deglutition • Peristalsis

26. The stomach is able to expand to nearly 100 times its empty volume partly due to __________ in its walls. • microvilli • rugae • circular folds • haustra

27. The stomach is able to expand to nearly 100 times its empty volume partly due to __________ in its walls. • microvilli • rugae • circular folds • haustra

28. A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin B12 injections every 2 weeks. Why? • This patient is training for a triathlon. • This patient is anemic and has low iron. • Parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor. • This patient’s parietal cells have stopped secreting HCl.

29. A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin B12 injections every 2 weeks. Why? • This patient is training for a triathlon. • This patient is anemic and has low iron. • Parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor. • This patient’s parietal cells have stopped secreting HCl.

30. Digestion of which of the following might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid? • Lipid • Carbohydrate • Sugar • Protein

31. Digestion of which of the following might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid? • Lipid • Carbohydrate • Sugar • Protein

32. When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the __________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated. • cephalic • gastric • intestinal • gastrin

33. When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the __________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated. • cephalic • gastric • intestinal • gastrin

34. Meals high in protein __________ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands. • increase • decrease • have no effect on • delay

35. Meals high in protein __________ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands. • increase • decrease • have no effect on • delay

36. The __________ cells are responsible for HCl production. • goblet • mucous • parietal • chief

37. The __________ cells are responsible for HCl production. • goblet • mucous • parietal • chief

38. The alkaline tide uses a(n) __________ in the basolateral membrane to move __________ out of the cell and __________ into the parietal cell. • symporter, chloride, bicarbonate • symporter, bicarbonate, chloride • antiporter, chloride, bicarbonate • antiporter, bicarbonate, chloride

39. The alkaline tide uses a(n) __________ in the basolateral membrane to move __________ out of the cell and __________ into the parietal cell. • symporter, chloride, bicarbonate • symporter, bicarbonate, chloride • antiporter, chloride, bicarbonate • antiporter, bicarbonate, chloride

40. A meal high in fat would __________. • stimulate rapid gastric emptying • stimulate the intensity of the stomach’s peristaltic waves • increase gastrin secretion • inhibit gastric emptying

41. A meal high in fat would __________. • stimulate rapid gastric emptying • stimulate the intensity of the stomach’s peristaltic waves • increase gastrin secretion • inhibit gastric emptying

42. The __________ in the small intestine have a similar structure and function to the __________ in the stomach. • gastric pits; intestinal glands • intestinal glands; gastric pits • goblet cells; enteroendocrine cells • brush border; rugae

43. The __________ in the small intestine have a similar structure and function to the __________ in the stomach. • gastric pits; intestinal glands • intestinal glands; gastric pits • goblet cells; enteroendocrine cells • brush border; rugae

44. In what way is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption? • Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum. • CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion. • It has a large surface area due to the presence of the circular folds, villi, and microvilli. • The small intestine is very long and thin.

45. In what way is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption? • Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum. • CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion. • It has a large surface area due to the presence of the circular folds, villi, and microvilli. • The small intestine is very long and thin.

46. Which cells produce CCK in the intestine? • Simple columnar cells • Goblet cells • Intraepithelial lymphocytes • Enteroendocrine cells

47. Which cells produce CCK in the intestine? • Simple columnar cells • Goblet cells • Intraepithelial lymphocytes • Enteroendocrine cells

48. __________ macrophages are located in the liver. • Intraepithelial • Langerhans • Stellate • Hepatocyte

49. __________ macrophages are located in the liver. • Intraepithelial • Langerhans • Stellate • Hepatocyte

50. The gallbladder __________ bile by __________ water and ions. • concentrates, absorbing • stores, preventing absorption of • dilutes, secreting • modifies, secreting