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Understanding Human Digestive System Functions: From Ingestion to Elimination

Learn about the intricate functions of the human digestive system, from breaking down food in the mouth to absorbing nutrients in the small intestine, and the roles of organs like the stomach, liver, and large intestine. Explore the processes of digestion and absorption, as well as the functions of endocrine glands in regulating metabolic activities. Gain insights into how bile, enzymes, and gut bacteria contribute to the digestive process.

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Understanding Human Digestive System Functions: From Ingestion to Elimination

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Human Digestive System

  2. Functions • Ingest food • Break down food • Move through digestive tract • Absorb digested food and water • Eliminates waste materials

  3. Mouth • Breaks down food into small pieces • Begins starch digestion (amylase) • Saliva produces amylase and lubricates food • Moves food into esophagus • Epiglottis covers trachea • Peristalsis moves food to stomach

  4. Draw Tooth Structure HerePage 960

  5. Stomach • First opening – cardiac sphincter • Muscles churn food – more mechanical digestion. • Glands produce gastric juice = pepsin + HCl • Pepsin breaks down proteins (only at pH 2) • Food leaves after 2-4 hrs • Second opening – pyloric sphincter

  6. Small Intestine • Digestion is finished here • Peristalsis finishes mechanical digestion • Pancreatic juice produces enzymes to finish chemical digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates Question: What are the monomers for fats, proteins, and carbohydrates?

  7. Liver • Produces bile Question: What is the function of bile? Bile is stored in the gallbladder.

  8. Large Intestine • Absorbs water • Bacteria live here (produce methane) • Bacteria produce B vitamins and Vitamin K • Stores solid waste in rectum until elimination.

  9. Endocrine Glands Define endocrine gland here. • Pancreas – insulin = blood sugar • Thyroid – thyroxine = metabolic rates • Thyroid – calcitonin = blood calcium levels • Parathyroid – PTH = calcium, phosphorus absroption rates and helps make Vitamin D

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