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The Renaissance. What do you know about the Renaissance?. Pages 12 - 14. In the 21 st century, we see the Renaissance as the era when the modern western worldview began to develop -100 0 100 200
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In the 21st century, we see the Renaissance as the era when the modern western worldview began to develop -100 0 100 200 • The Renaissance stretched from 1350 CE to 1600 CE • CE– Common Era. (BCE – Before Common Era) • Era – a historical time period • It comes from the French word renaître • “to be born again” The First Century (CE) The Second Century (CE) 1 - 100 101 - 200
It was a rebirth of ideas that were discovered when Europeans came into contact with forgotten Greek and Roman ways of thinking, and ways of looking at the world. • Discovered the ideas that were being kept by Muslim, Jewish & Roman Catholic scholars. Picture of Michelangelo showing a pupil the Belvedere Torso. The torso was created by an Athenian sculptor and was lost during the time of the fall of the Roman Empire. When found, it influenced the artists during the renaissance.
Think about it: • List of Canadian values and/or beliefs: • Is Canada experiencing a Renaissance (“rebirth”) in any area of society?
Chapter 1 What were the Factors that shaped the Renaissance Worldview?
Questions to be covered in this Unit: • What were the factors that shaped the Renaissance worldview? • How did the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe? • What is the western worldview that grew out of the Renaissance?
How did other Civilizations Set the Stage for the Renaissance in Europe? Middle Ages • Between the fall of the Roman empire in the 4th century, to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century, Europe was in the middle ages. • During this time, empires in northern Africa and Asia were flourishing, and would influence Europe’s move into the Renaissance.
After the fall of the Roman empire, the feudal systemdeveloped. (a hierarchical class structure) • Monarchs granted land to nobles for military support • Alliances were formed through diplomacy between wealthy land owners to give support to one central monarch. • King • Higher Clergy • Nobles • Lesser Nobles/Knights/ Clergy • Serfs/Peasants
In the Feudal System people were not able to move there social classes and was split into rich and poor. • Controlled all the laws and made all the big decisions • Were advisors to the king and the eyes and ears for the Pope. • Controlled land and paid taxes/provided military support to the King • Controlled individual plots of land, leaders of faith, and protected the people • 90% of the population • Peasants – worked hard but were able to look for other occupations • Serfs – tied to their lords and had no freedom Lived in huge castles or fortified manor houses Lived in huts outside of the walls. If they worked in the castle, they were able to live there as well Pic. Pg 24
The Silk Road • Starting in 300 BCE, when the Roman Empire extended into the middle east, people in the west welcomed exotic goods from as far away as China and Japan • Silk, Glassware, Paper, Pepper, Cinnamon • With the large number of people moving, goods weren’t the only thing that was moving along the silk road. • Ideas and Knowledge of religion, science and math, technology, philosophy, and music • Disease like the Black Death started in Asia, and made its way to Europe killing millions
How has Canada’s history & worldview been affected by contact with other people?
Think about it: • What are some products that are from places other than Europe:
Read Pgs: 18 - 21 • Copy down definitions on pg. 20
Role of the Islamic Civilization • In the Beginning of the 7th century, the Islamic faith spread quickly • By 750 CE, it spread from Spain to Indonesia • The center of the Islamic empire was in the crossroads of the silk road • The Muslim middle men were everywhere on the route, and made the Muslim Empire very wealthy • More importantly, it became a center of learning during the middle ages.
Islamic scientists and scholars collected mathematical and astrological documents in libraries. They then studied and improved on them. • Astrolabe (Navigate by the stars) • IbnSina (980 – 1037), studied diseases and the human body. He wrote medical texts that were used for hundreds of years Q 1-2 pg 24
Refer to the map on pgs. 16-17 In your notebook answer the following: • How difficult was it to move goods from China to Italy in the Middle Ages? Compare the transportation in the Middle Ages to today. • How would the geographic location of the Islamic Empire made it a centre for leaning & discovery
How did the Renaissance Begin? • Because of the contact with other cultures, there was an increased amount of ideas being shared, and by the end of the 1300’s change was happening more rapidly. • During the middle ages, a majority of Europeans shared a religious worldview put in place by the Roman Catholic Church • The poor accepted they would suffer and live short lives, but be rewarded in heaven • The rich would donate money and land to the church, to be rewarded in heaven
During the middle ages, the Catholic Church was the institution that would educate, and employ • Roman Catholic Church had a large amount of influence on art and architecture • Roman Catholic Church also had a large amount of influence with Kings and their kingdoms (Often power struggles)
The Crusades • Judaism, Christianity and Islam all grew out of the same religious history, so they all thought they had a claim to the ‘Holy Land’ (Israel) • Christians in Europe organized crusades to recapture the area from Muslim control
During the short time that the Christians occupied the Holy Land, thousands of pilgrims and entire armies traveled to Jerusalem • From these pilgrimages, Europeans were exposed to many different cultures, foods, spices, exotic goods & cloths • The travelers returned home with new ideas and new ways of thinking Europeans become more aware of other cultures
The Crusades occurred over approx. 200 years • Relationships between Christians & Muslims developed during periods of Peace & period of War
How Did the Growth of Cities Contribute to a Changing Worldview? Trade • By the late middle ages, Europeans wanted more exotic items that were brought back by the crusaders • Many of the cities that grew were port cities. • Some people established businesses to provide goods for city residents • Industries began to specialize in goods and trade. • Workers began to find and create jobs that were not part of the feudal system • Some communities became so prosperous and powerful, they became city-states • Individuals begin to feel a sense of belonging to their larger community
Urbanization • Many of the peasants thought they could find safety and work in the cities • Land owners didn’t have workers, so they moved to the cities and started businesses
Cities prospered in Italy because; • Mountains to the north helped protect Italy from invaders • Trading cities began to thrive in Italy • The ruins from Roman times reminded people of how effective that style of government was • The feudal system was not strong in Italy due to urban lifestyle • The pope moved his court to France leaving Italians without much interference from the Church
Most of those city states were controlled by despots or by oligarchies • Some of the city states in Italy signed a treaty, backed by the papacy, that would not allow any one city state to become powerful enough to threaten or overthrow any other city
How did Contact between people increase ? • Increased trade more people travelled = more exposure to different goods & materials • Merchants grew wealthier could afford to visit other areas • Towns & cities grew larger more daily contact with other people • Warfare soldiers saw more different lands • Treaties were signed travel was safer • Diplomacy increased contacts in other lands • Royal families inter-married servants had to travel with the family to different parts • Pope moved to Avingon people had to travel to France, not Rome, to see him
How did this Contact affect their lives & worldviews? CULTURE • Artwork included new materials & ideas from other areas • Books & documents began from other areas, had new ideas • New materials meant new fashion • Building styles & materials were inspired by other architecture • New foods & spices to enjoy SOCIAL SYSTEMS • Education included ideas from new areas & was offered by other organizations • People were able to choose where to work • Feudal system began to fall apart
How did this Contact affect their lives & worldviews? POLITICAL & ECONOMIC • Wealthy people became powerful • Church’s power weakened • City states became strong • Citizens became proud of where they lived
How did the Governments in Italy change? How did it affect their worldview • Government changed from republics to oligarchies /despots • People had less say & control over government decisions • Wealthy merchants were able to purchase power • Stable government creates steady supply of jobs POLITICAL & ECONOMIC • Central control & less power with the Church • People felt like citizens and not servants • Military to protect a state was important CULTURE • Artisans & their products became valuable to the wealthy SOCIAL SYSTEM • Wealthy leaders donated buildings, statues & paintings to beautify their city-state
How has Canada’s urbanization affect people & their worldview • do not have much contact with the natural environment • Used to not knowing people in their community • May have to travel out of community to work, play, etc • Greater variety of jobs, larger variety of goods & services POLITICAL & ECONOMIC • Expect wide variety of services, supports & job opportunities • May have less say in local government decisions CULTURE • More access to entertainment & recreational facilities • Architecture is more varied • More diverse cultures & many languages spoken SOCIAL SYSTEM • More schools, libraries, advanced education • Support for families & individuals in need • Need to provide services for homeless
What the City States had in common: • Located on important trade routes • Commercial centres • Populations of more than 100, 000 • Hierarchical social class systems • The wealthy were patrons of the arts
Unique Aspects of each City State: FLORENCE • Richest city state • Centre of the Renaissance • Hilly area was good for sheep = wool • Good trading location on Arno River VENICE • Canals as streets • Centre of trade between Asia & Europe • On shallow islands along coast of Adriatic Sea GENOA • Strongest city state • Controlled other ports in the Mediterranean • On a narrow strip of land between sea & mountains • Crossroads between Europe & Mediterranean
Chapter 2 How did the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe?
How did the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe? • Renaissance ideas developed in Italy(centre of the early Renaissance) • Gradually spread west and north to all areas of western Europe- the exchange of ideas was the key part of the Renaissance spreading throughout Europe • Scholars and artists from all of Europe travelled to Italy’s city-states to study and exchange ideas • Artists across Europe developed new techniques and ideas that were then adopted by other artists • Writers and philosophers expressed ideas that showed changing worldviews • Scientists began to use scientific observation, and mathematicians began applying mathematics to everyday life • Ongoing contact and exchange of ideas between Italian Renaissance society and the rest of Europe ensured the spread of these ideas throughout the continent.
Where and how did the Renaissance Spread? • Renaissance ideas that developed in Italy gradually spread to western and northern Europe towards the end of the 15th century • As Renaissance ideas spread beyond Italy, they were changed and adapted by the citizens of the new states to reflect their societies
Why Were Ideas so Slow to Spread? • Ideas of the Renaissance were slow to spread because of: • Feudalism-as long as it existed there was little concern with introducing new ideas • War -resources were used for military purposes, survival, or expansion, but not for advancing arts/sciences • Religion –while Italians underwent the Renaissance , the people in the rest of Europe remained under the care and influence of the Roman Catholic Church and maintained the status quo
What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly? • Once the hundred years war was over travel across the continent became safer • people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work • Decline of feudalism • Allowed people freedom to explore changes in society and new ideas in arts, sciences, and philosophy
Con’t • Increased trade meant business and banking increased • Members of the new merchant class travelled, seeing the way others lived, exchanging new ideas, bringing back works of art • They used their wealth to support artists • Growth of Humanism
Humanism • A system of thought that centres on humans and their values, potential, and worth; concerned with the needs and welfare of humans • Valued: • life on earth, Contact with other cultures, Educational reform
The Printing Press • No other invention has changed the world as much as the invention of the printing press • The rapid spread of Renaissance ideas was made possible by Johann Gutenberg ( 1399-1468) of Mainz, Germany, invented the mechanical printing press around the mid-1400’s • The Chinese had been printing for centuries, using limited movable type. They also invented paper. Knowledge of both these inventions moved along the Silk Road • The first European book printed was the Gutenberg Bible, around 1454 or 1455
How did Humanism Affect the Renaissance Worldview? • Humanism- was the key idea of the Renaissance • It focuses on human beings, their values, abilities, and individual worth, and human society as something valuable that could be improved • European scholars became more aware of classical writings from the Greeks and Romans that Islamic cultures and isolated Jewish and European scholars had preserved
