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The Rise of Civilization: A Study of Ur in Ancient Sumer

This case study delves into the emergence of civilization in Ur, one of the earliest cities in Sumer, around 2500 BC. It examines critical aspects, including specialized labor, complex institutions, and advancements in technology that contributed to the growth of urban life. Key features include the development of cuneiform writing by scribes, the establishment of trade through barter, and the construction of ziggurats as religious and economic centers. Focusing on irrigation systems and agricultural surpluses, this study illustrates how Ur became a hub of culture, trade, and innovation.

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The Rise of Civilization: A Study of Ur in Ancient Sumer

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Civilization Case Study: Ur in Sumer Chapter 1 Section 3

  2. Key Terms • Civilization • Specialization • Artisan • Institution • Scribe • Cuneiform • Bronze Age • Barter • Ziggurat

  3. Villages Grow into Cities • Economic changes • Irrigation systems for more crops • Food surplus • Develop other skills • Wheel and sail invented • Trade developed

  4. Villages Grow into Cities • Social changes • Specific groups of workers • Formed social classes • Religion more organized • Centered on nature and animal spirits • New Stone Age many gods and goddesses

  5. How Civilization Develops • Civilizations • 1-advanced cities • 2-specialized workers • 3-complex institutions • 4-record keeping • 5-advanced technology

  6. Advanced Cities • Birthplace of first civilizations • Center of trade for larger area • Depend on trade • Produced goods for exchange

  7. Specialized Workers • Specialization- development of skills in a specific kind of work • Artisans- made good by hand (metal, tools, pottery) • Helped cities to become center of trade

  8. Complex Institutions • Institution-a long lasting pattern of organization in a community • Soaring populations • Formed governments • Needed to establish laws • Religion • Temples • Priests • City belonged to the gods • Served as economic center

  9. Record Keeping • Document taxes • Passage of law • Storage of grain • Keep track of calendars and rituals • Systems of writing

  10. Record Keeping • Scribes-professional record keepers • Cuneiform- meaning wedge shaped writing • Pictographs- symbols of writing • Used a sharpened reed • Baked tables in the sun • Beginning of written history (Sumer)

  11. Improved Technology • Ox drawn plows • Irrigation systems • Pottery wheel • Jugs, plates, bowls • 2500 BC metal workers • Melt tin and bronze • Made spearheads • Bronze Age-using bronze instead of copper and stone

  12. Civilization Emerges in Ur • Ur- one of the earliest cities • 30,000 residents • Agricultural • Large scale irrigation • Food surpluses • Life in the City • One story box homes • Merchants and artisans

  13. Ur’s Thriving Trade • Merchants on broad avenues • Coins are not used • Trade pots of grain for a jug of wine • Barter-the trading of goods without using money

  14. The Temple: center of City Life • Ziggurat- pyramid shaped monument means “mountain of god” • 100 steps to top • Priests conduct rituals • Sacrifice animals • Storage of grain, woven fabrics, gems • Believe in afterlife

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