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James Madison

James Madison. Sydney ZZ. War Hawks. The War Hawks were a group of about 20 Democratic-Republicans. Primarily from southern and western states.

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James Madison

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  1. James Madison Sydney ZZ

  2. War Hawks • The War Hawks were a group of about 20 Democratic-Republicans. • Primarily from southern and western states. • They were united by outrage regarding the British abduction American sailors and the British orders in council which were crippling the economy. • From November 1811 to June 1812, the War Hawks argued for war and the necessary financial and military preparations. • James Madison and the Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin tried unsuccessfully to defeat the War Hawks movement. They felt the United States was not prepared for war.

  3. War of 1812 • The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain. • Had many reasons for starting: • Trade restrictions due to Britain's ongoing war with France • The impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy • British support of American Indians tribes against American Expansion • Outrage over insults to national honor after humiliations on the high seas • In 1813, Americans gained control over Lake Erie, and parts of western Ontario. • In the southwest, General Andrew Jackson destroyed the military strength on the Creek nation at the battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814.

  4. War of 1812 • The war was fought in three locations. • At sea, warships and privateers of both sides attacked each other’s merchant ships. • The British Blockaded the Atlantic coast of the US and had large scale raids further into the war. • Both land and naval battles were fought on the frontier which ran along the great lakes and the Saint Lawrence. • The South and the Gulf coast saw many major land battles, which the American forces destroyed Brittan's Indian allies. • At the end of the war, both sides occupied parts of the other’s territory, but were restored by the Treaty of Ghent.

  5. Hartford Convention • Meeting of Federalist representatives from the 5 New England states met to discuss their grievances(the war of 1812 and political problems) • Insisted that the state had the right “to interpose its authority” to protect its citizens. • The convention was not seen as successful, because the topic had already been covered.

  6. Treaty of Ghent • Agreement that ended the war of 1812. • Signed at Ghent Belgium on December 24, 1814 • Ratified in the Senate in February 1815. • The treaty released all prisoners and restored all war lands and boats, resulting in several changes.

  7. Rush-Bagot Agreement • Exchange of notes between US Secretary of State Richard Rush and Brittan minister to the US Charles Bagot in 1817. • Provided for limitation of naval forces on the great lakes in the wake of the war of 1812. • Each country allowed no more than one vessel on Lakes Champlain and Ontario. Each vessel restricted to maximum weight of 100 tons and one 18 pound cannon. • Agreement ratified in 1818.

  8. Spirit of Nationalism • Though it began poorly after suffering some defeats, the win at New Orleans gave the US a strong sense of unity and nationalism after the War of 1812

  9. Second Bank of the U.S. • Chartered in 1816, five years after the First U.S. Bank lost its charter. • Initially headquartered in Carpenters’ Hall, Philadelphia with branches throughout the country. • Main reason it was chartered was because in the war of 1812, the us faced heavy inflation and had difficulty financing military operation. • Credit and borrowing status of the US were at its lowest levels since its founding. • It was chartered for 20 years, never renewed, served as a normal bank for 5 more years, bankrupt in 1841. • Formed by Madison.

  10. Tariff of 1816 • Also know as the Dallas Tariff. • first tariff passed by congress with explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from foreign competition. Strong support from the south. • Conceived as part of a solution of avoiding a projected federal deficit. Also, widespread concern in 1816 that war with great Britain might restart over economic and territorial issues caused the tariff on manufactured goods to seem essential in interests of national defense. • Treasure secretary Alexander J. Dallas called for limited protective tariff on manufactures to forestall deficit which provoked opposition from two economic sectors of commerce and agriculture

  11. Bonus Bill • Proposed legislation introduced by John C. Calhoun to provide a federal highway linking the east and south to the west using the earnings bonus from the second bank of the U.S. • Opponents of the bill feared that providing the means for settlers to travel would drain their population and create competing states. • Vetoed by Madison because he deemed it unconstitutional

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