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Essential Functions of the Nervous System: Integration, Sensory Input, Motor Outputs

Discover the core functions of the nervous system - sensory input collection, integration, and motor output production. Delve into the cell types and structures crucial for its operation. Uncover the intricate processes of EPSP generation and muscle growth. Test your knowledge with neuron diagrams, heart function tracing, and muscle system inquiries. Engage with key concepts on synaptic relationships, sarcomere anatomy, and cardiac physiology. Uncover insights into neurotransmitter release, troponin functions, and heart electrical signaling pathways. Explore muscle hypertrophy mechanisms and heart condition identification. Unravel the mysteries of myofilament structure, neuron labeling, and heart electrical conduction mapping. Deepen understanding of Nervous System, Muscles, Cardiovascular System, and miscellaneous topics.

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Essential Functions of the Nervous System: Integration, Sensory Input, Motor Outputs

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  1. AnS 214 Exam 2 Review

  2. Nervous System - 10 • Name the three functions of the nervous system

  3. Nervous System – 10 • Collect sensory input • Integrate sensory input • Produce motor outputs

  4. Nervous System - 20 • What are cell bodies called in the PNS and CNS?

  5. Nervous System – 20 • CNS – Nuclei • PNS – Ganglia

  6. Nervous System - 30 • What type of cell forms the blood-brain-barrier?

  7. Nervous System – 30 • Astrocytes

  8. Nervous System - 40 • Myelination is formed by what types of cell in the PNS and CNS?

  9. Nervous System – 40 • CNS – Oligodendrocytes • PNS – Schwann cells • Bonus question (10 points) : How many nerves are does each cell type cover?

  10. Nervous System - 50 • Describe an EPSP from the generation of an action potential to the post synaptic neuron. Name one type of synaptic relationship that generally causes EPSPs.

  11. Nervous System – 50 • Cell depolarizes, Na+ moves in • Reaches threshold • Generates action potential at axon hillock • Moves towards presynaptic axon terminal • Synaptic vesicles bind to axon terminal and release neurotransmitter • Bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron • Excite post-synaptic neuron to open chemically gated channels • Axodendritic

  12. Muscles - 10 • What are three characteristics of skeletal muscle?

  13. Muscles – 10 • Voluntary • Striated • Attached to bones

  14. Muscles - 20 • Mammalian muscles cell grow by ______________ prenatally and ______________ after birth.

  15. Muscles – 20 • Hyperplasia • Hypertrophy

  16. Muscles - 30 • What makes up the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

  17. Muscles – 30 • Transverse(T) tubules • 2 terminal cisternae

  18. Muscles - 40 • What are the three subunits of troponin and what do they do?

  19. Muscles – 40 • TNt – interacts with tropomyosin • TNi – inhibits Cabindign • TNc – binds Ca+2

  20. Muscles - 50 • Describe the length-tension relationship and provide examples of what the sarcomere looks like at the extremes.

  21. Muscles – 50 • The amount of tension generated depends on the muscles length before stimulation • Overly contracted: thick filaments too close to z-disc to contract any more • Too stretched: Very little overlap, cannot produce enough force to contract

  22. CV - 10 • Cardiac Output = ?

  23. CV – 10 • Stroke volume X Heart Rate

  24. CV - 20 • What percent of cells in the heart have automaticity?

  25. Answer 3 – 20 • 100% • Bonus Question (10points) : How many actually exhibit automaticity?

  26. CV - 30 • Name three abnormal heart conditions

  27. CV – 30 • Angina • Myocardial infarction • Arrhythmia • Fibrillation • Defective Av node • Defective SA node • Premature ventricular contraction

  28. CV - 40 • Define diastole and systole

  29. CV – 40 • Diastole : ventricular relaxation • Systole : ventricular contraction

  30. CV - 50 • Trace an electrical signal through the heart starting at the SA node

  31. CV – 50 • SA node– fastest depolarization • AV node – connect atria and ventricle • AV bundle/bundle of His • Right and left bundle branches – in septum, go towards apex of heart • Purkinje fibers – ventricular walls

  32. Diagrams - 10 • Draw an action potential. Include Na+ and K+ permeability.

  33. Diagrams – 10

  34. Diagrams - 20 • Label the waves.

  35. Diagrams – 20

  36. Diagrams - 30 • Label the parts of a myofilament.

  37. Diagrams – 30

  38. Diagrams - 40 • Draw and label a neuron.

  39. Diagrams – 40

  40. Diagrams - 50 • Draw the triad and show the movement of an action potential and calcium ions.

  41. Diagrams – 50

  42. Misc. - 10 • What is your favorite example Dr. Selsby has given in class?

  43. Misc. – 10 • Textbook experiment

  44. Misc. - 20 • What is a “pearl necklace” in the muscle system?

  45. Misc. – 20 • Troponin and tropomyosin

  46. Misc. - 30 • What is follistatin?

  47. Misc. – 30 • Myostatin inhibitor = bigger muscles

  48. Misc. - 40 • Name the three types of motor neurons

  49. Misc. – 40 • Sensory • Interneurons • Motor

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