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Comprehensive Review for Exam #2: Planetary Science and Astrophysics Concepts

This document provides a thorough overview for Exam #2, covering critical topics in planetary science and astrophysics. Key areas include the Earth/Moon system, structures of the solar system, properties of light and electromagnetic radiation, and the detailed anatomy of the Sun. It also explores stellar distances, classifications, and requirements for life, along with specific Mars properties and geological features. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this review encapsulates essential concepts and historical evidence in the search for extraterrestrial life.

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Comprehensive Review for Exam #2: Planetary Science and Astrophysics Concepts

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  1. Exam 2 Review Stephen Eikenberry 19 October 2010 AST 2037

  2. Exam #2 Review 1 • Earth/Moon system • Properties (composition, major features, plate tectonics, structure, atmosphere, magnetic field, etc.) • Formation history, etc. • Solar system • Planets, moons, meteors, asteroids, comets • Kuiper belt, Oort cloud, etc. • Different types of planets • Formation history, etc. 2

  3. Exam #2 Review 2 • Light as a wave • Wavelength, frequency, light speed • Electromagnetic radiation • colors • Blackbody Radiation • Spectrum • Wien’s law • Stefan’s law • Flux and luminosity 3

  4. Continuum and line spectra • Emission and absorption lines • Line information: element/molecule identification, temperature, pressure, etc. • The Sun • Structure, regions, temperatures, pressure/density • Core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona, wind • Granules, sunspots, solar cycle, prominences • Nuclear fusion and energy generation/transport Exam 2 Review - 3

  5. Stars • Distances, parallax • Flux, brightness, apparent magnitude, inverse square law • Spectral classification, OBAFGKM, luminosity class, size/radius • HR diagram, main sequence, mass=destiny • Stellar evolution phases, ultimate stellar fates Exam 2 Review - 4

  6. Requirements for life • Energy source • Genetic code • Liquid phase versus solid or gas • Solvents • Expectations for life • Chemical energy versus other forms • Chemical codes • The joys of carbon • Silicon alternatives Exam 2 Review - 5

  7. Mars properties • Atmosphere, temperatures, ices • Polar caps and seasons • Geological features on Mars • Water on Mars (yes, no, maybe so?) • Searches for life on Mars • Historical “evidence” and ideas • Remote searches • Viking landers • ALH84001 Exam 2 Review - 6

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