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The Digestive System

This article provides an overview of the functions, anatomy, and disorders of the digestive system. It covers topics such as the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and the various organs involved. The article also discusses common digestive disorders and their symptoms.

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System Ch. 14

  2. Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food        *absorption of nutrients Consists of alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm. intestine, large intestine, anal canal)and accessory organs

  3. Layers of the Canal Lining 1.  Mucosa - protects tissues and carries absorption 2.  Submucosa - glands, blood vessels, nerves 3.  Muscular Layer - smooth muscle tissue, circular & longitudinal fibers, pushes food  (PERISTALSIS) 4.  Serosa (serous layer) - visceral perioneum, outer covering of the tube, lubricates surfaces (serous fluid)

  4. Wall of the Alimentary Canal

  5. Mixing Movements Contractions mix food with digestive juices Peristalsis - pushes food down the tube

  6. Anatomy of the Mouth

  7. Anatomy of a Tooth

  8. Teeth (32) Incisors - cutting Cuspid (canine) – one point, Tearing Bicuspids – two points, tearing Molars - grinding

  9. Tooth Decay

  10. ROOT CANAL

  11. Salivary Glands Parotid - ear, cheek Submandibular - below jaw Sublingual - under tongue

  12. Pharynx (throat) nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

  13. Esophagus esophageal hiatus is where it penetrates the diaphragm cardiac sphincter at entrance to stomach

  14. STOMACH MUSCLES:   Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

  15. Stomach Regions • Cardiac sphincter • Fundus • Body • Pyloric sphincter

  16. Stomach Lining Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food  - secreted by gastric glands PEPSIN  - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself

  17. Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve Rugae - folds within stomach Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

  18. Small Intestine Starts at the pyloric sphincter 1.  Duodenum 2.  Jejunum 3.  Ileum *Mesentery  Membrane holds it together,  contains blood vessels

  19. Accessory Organs Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Appendix

  20. The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream.  In one word: ABSORPTION

  21. Greater Omentum a  "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape

  22. Greater Omentum

  23. Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels

  24. Large Intestine Cecum  Appendix Colon (4 parts)    Cecum    Ascending    Transverse     Descending     Sigmoid Rectum Anus

  25. Function of Large Intestine Secretes mucus,  reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion  (intestinal flora) Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food The main job is  WATER REABSORPTION...

  26. Types 1–2 indicateconstipation, with 3 and 4 being the ideal stools (especially the latter), as they are easy todefecate while not containing any excess liquid, and 5, 6 and 7 tending towardsdiarrhoea. Source: wiki

  27. stomach transverse colon ascending colon descending colon cecum appendix sigmoid colon rectum

  28. Disorders of the Digestive System GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease

  29. Dysentery or Diarrhea

  30. Crampy abdominal pain Fatigue Loss of appetite Pain with passing stool (tenesmus); bloody stool Persistent, watery diarrhea Weight loss Constipation

  31. IBS  - Irritable Bowel Syndrome The muscles in the bowel wall may contract too forcefully or too weakly, too slowly or rapidly at certain times.

  32. STOMACH ULCERS

  33. Lactose Intolerance  Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset

  34. Hernia intestines poke through abdominal muscles

  35. When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, no matter how much food one eats.

  36. Gastric Bypass Surgery

  37. Colon Cancer Colonoscopy is a screening technique to detect cancer.  See Katie Couric's Colonoscopy

  38. LABEL THIS!

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