Korean Romanization and Word Division

1. KoreanRomanization and Word Division Young Ki Lee Senior Cataloging Specialist Korean/Chinese Team RCCD Library of Congress

2. Session Summary: • Romanization and Word Division: is designed to provide trainees with basic understanding of the Romanization and Word Division Rules for Korean language and the related rule interpretations. The session provides introduction of McCune-Reischauer system and 1997 edition of ALA-LC Romanization Korean Table. The trainees are prepared through basic study of guidelines and interpretations to create Romanized data on bibliographical records. • Learning Objectives: • At the end of this session trainees will be able to: • Define the structure of Korean Script • Consult and use McCune-Reischauer system and ALA-LC Romanization Korean Table • Apply the guidelines in the creation of new bibliographic records • Recognize situations in Romanization and Word Division in which librarian must exercise “judgment” in the application of the guidelines.

3. Han’gŭl • The Korean alphabet was invented in 1444 and promulgated it in 1446 during the reign of King Sejong, the fourth king of the Chosŏn Dynasty. • The alphabet was originally called Hunmin chŏngŭm • Korean linguist Chu Si-gyŏng brought the modern name for the alphabet, Han’gŭl, in use in 19th century

4. Notable features of Han’gŭl • There are 51 letters (jamo) in the Korean alphabet: • 14 simple consonants • 5 double consonants • 11 consonants clusters • 10 simple vowels • 11 diphthongs

5. Normal: ㄱ k/g ㄴ n ㄷ t/d ㄹ l/r ㅁ m ㅂ p/b ㅅ s ㅇ /ng ㅈ ch/j ㅎ h Aspirated: ㅋk‘ ㅌt‘ ㅍp‘ ㅊch‘ 14 Simple Consonants

6. ㄲkk ㄸtt ㅃpp ㅆss ㅉtch ㄳ • ㄵ ㄶ • ㄺ ㄻ • ㄼ ㄽ • ㄾ ㄿ • ㅀ ㅄ Double Consonants

7. ㅏa ㅑya ㅓŏ ㅕyŏ ㅗo ㅛyo ㅜu ㅠyu ㅡŭi ㅣi ㅐae ㅒyae ㅔe ㅖye ㅚoe ㅟwi ㅢŭi ㅘwa ㅝwŏ ㅙwae ㅞwe Simple Vowels and Diphthongs

8. Three Categories of jamo • Initial (초성, 初聲): The consonants before the vowels. All five doubled jamo can be placed here. • Position: top, left, or upper-left corner of the syllabic block. • Medial (중성, 中聲): The vowels comprising the syllable nucleus. • Position: middle of the syllable block if there's a final, otherwise at the right or bottom. • Final (종성, 終聲): The consonants after the vowels. All basic jamo can occur as finals, and the silent initial ㅇ is pronounced ng in final position. • Position: bottom, right or lower-right corner of the block.

9. Combined Syllables

10. Syllable Stacking Rules • A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on the left and the vowel on the right: ㄱ+ ㅏ= 가 • A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on top and the vowel underneath: ㄷ+ ㅗ= 도 • If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable. ㅎ+ ㅏ+ ㄴ= 한 ㄱ+ ㅜ+ ㄱ= 국

11. Useful sites in Internet • McCune-Reischauer Systemfrom the National Library of Australia. (http://www.nla.gov.au/librariesaustralia/cjk/download/ras_1961.pdf) • ALA-LC Romanization Tablesfrom Library of Congress (http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/korean.pdf) • Guide to Korean Romanization System and Word Division from UC-Berkeley (http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EAL/help/koreanromanization.pdf) • Romanization and Word Divisionfrom USC (http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/arc/libraries/eastasian/korea/ckm/manual/) • Guide for Searching the Korean Collection Korean Romanization from PITTCat(http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/eal/DOCS/Korean_Romanization.pdf)

12. The Basic of McCune-Reischauer system

13. McCune-Reischauer system, continued

14. McCune-Reischauer system, continued

15. McCune-Reischauer system, continued

16. McCune-Reischauer system, continued

17. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean)1997 edition The Library of Congress will continue to follow the McCune-Reischauer system to romanize Korean. See: Romanization of the Korean Language: Based upon its Phonetic Structure by G.M. McCune and E.O. Reischauer ([S.l.: s.n., 1939?), reprinted from the Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. The Library of Congress will designate certain standard dictionaries as final authorities to resolve question of contemporary pronunciation. A word will be considered to be pronounced as indicated in those dictionaries, and romanized in such a way as to represent its pronunciation most accurately. Dictionaries to be used as authorities in Korean

18. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition 3. When romanization rules conflict with the pronunciation of a word, prefer to represent the pronunciation. Do not romanize silent syllabic finals. choǔn 좋은 yori료리 (or 요리) namunnip 나뭇잎 kap값 ŏpta없다 4. Sai siot. Follow McCune-Reischauer directions on romanization of medial (sai) siot. With these revisions: Romanized as ‘nn’ when a syllabic final before ‘i’ and yotized vowels yenniyagi옛이야기 hŏnnil헛일 Romanized as ‘d’ when a syllabic final before all other vowels mǒdǒpta멋없다 udot웃옷

19. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition 5. Represent a reinforced medial consonant as it is pronounced, regardless of written form. (NOTE: Some dictionaries represent a reinforced medial consonant with a double consonant: 의과 [-꽈] However, the romanization would not necessarily show a double consonant: ŭikwa) Hancha한자 (漢字) But hanja (a measure) 한자 silssi實施 p‘yŏngka평가 munpŏp文法 6. Words written with double final consonants are to be romanized as they are pronounced. hŭk흙 sam삶 tak닭 Maksŭ막스 Marksŭ맑스 (X)

20. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition 7. Initial niŭn (ㄴ) and liŭl(ㄹ). Follow McCune-Reischauer rules governing Initial niŭn and liŭl, with the following exceptions. The surname 李is always romanized Yi, no matter how it is written (李, 이, 리) . nodong로동(or 노동) yŏksa력사(or 역사) Yi Sŭng-man리 승만(or 이 승만) Exception 1) When medial ㄴ is followed by medial ㄹ, they are generally romanized ㄹㄹ. However, when syllables beginning with 류, or 려 (i.e. 률, 렬, 련) follow a vowel or medial ㄴ, the sound of ㄹ is generally dropped. In such cases, ㄹ is not romanizaed. mullihak文理學 nayŏl羅列 punyŏl分裂 But Koryŏ高麗

21. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition Exception 2) To accommodate Word Division Rule 1, particles beginning with the letter ㄹare to be separated from other words, and are to be romanized beginning with the letter ‘r’ in all cases. sae yŏksa rŭl wihayŏ새 歷史 를 위하여 charip kyŏngje ro ŭi tojon自立 經濟 로 의 挑戰 Kim Mari ranŭn puin金 마리 라는 夫 (婦)人

22. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition • 8. Following hyphens: • When sounds would normally change, according to McCune-Reischauer rules, sound change is indicated following a hyphen in the following instances: • (1) As second syllable of a forename. • Exception: When the second part of a given name follows a vowel sound and begins with a yotized initial ㄹ, the medial ‘r’ is omitted (unless there is convincing evidence that the medial ‘r’ is intended to be pronounced.) • Song, Si-yŏl宋 時烈 • Yi, Ki-yŏn리 기련 • but Kim, Ch‘ŏr-won金 哲源 • An, Ung-nyŏl安 應烈

23. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition 8. Following hyphens: (2) For all generic terms used as jurisdictions, except the term ‘pukto Kangwŏn-do江原道 Wando-gun완도군

24. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition • 8. Following hyphens: • (b) When sounds would normally change, according to McCune-Reischauer rules, sound change is not indicated following a hyphen in the following instances: • (1) In a spelled-out cardinal number: • ilchŏn-kubaek-yuksipp‘al一九六八 • (2) Between a numeral and volume designation: • che 3-chip第 3輯 • 4-kwŏn4卷 • (3) Between a year, written in numerals, and a suffix or modifier: • 10-chunŏn10週年 • 1900-yŏn 1900年 • (4) Between abbreviated forms combined coordinately: • chung-kodŭng hakkyo中高等 學校 • (5) For the generic jurisdiction term ‘pukto’: • Ch‘ungch‘ŏng-pukto忠淸北道 • (6) When a word of Western origin is modified by a single character modifier, affix, or substantive of Korean or Sino-Korean origin: • esei-chip에세이집

25. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition • 9. Words of Western origin: • The letter that can be used in romanizing words of Western origin are limited to those allowed by the McCune-Reischauer romanization rules. Therefore, while there may be a choice between letters that may be used to represent a consonant, there can be no variation in the representation of vowels. The letters that may be used to represent consonants are: • ㄱk, g, ng • ㄴn, l • ㄷt, ch, j, d • ㄹl, r, n • ㅁm • ㅂp, b • ㅅs, sh, n, t, d, p, k • ㅇng • ㅈch, j • ㅊch‘ • ㅋk‘ • ㅌt‘, ch • ㅍp‘ • ㅎh

26. ALA-LC Romanization Tables (Korean), 1997 edition 9. Words of Western origin: (b) When one or more of the prescribed letters corresponds exactly to its counterpart in the Western word being romanized, that letter will always be used: dijain (from the word design) 디자인 Lenin레닌 (c) When none of the prescribed letters corresponds exactly to its counterpart in the Western word being romanized, apply the romanization system strictly, without approximation of sounds. Pet‘ŭnam베트남 (from the word ‘Vietnam’; the romanization system does not permit the use of the letter ‘v’) chero제로 (from the word ‘zero’; the romanization system does not permit to use of the letter ‘z’) (d) When the original Western word cannot be ascertained, apply the romanization system strictly.

27. 서울대 웃음 평가 高麗 노근리 평택군 평택읍 진리 임진란 대관령 金融 강물 불상 햇빛 역할 16. 잊혀진 17. 어떻게 18. 많이 19. 협력 20. 맑은 21. 앉아 22. 이 어령 23. 김 석민 24. 사법 (司法) 25. 사법 (私法) Romanization Exercise

28. Korean McCune-Reischauer Romanization Dictionary • The following members are contributing to this project. Seunghi Paek : Harvard University Kyungmi Lee : Stony Brook University (SUNY) Sun-yoon Lee : University of Southern California Younghee Sohn : University of Chicago Young Ki Lee : Library of Congress Hee-Sook Shin : Columbia University Mikyung Kang : Harvard University Hana Kim : University of Toronto Jaeyong Chang : University of California – Berkeley Eunseung Oh : Stanford University Miree Ku : Duke University Wooseob Jeong : University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee • Romanization Dictionary

29. 강물 kangmul 서울대 Sŏultae 웃음 usŭm 평가 p‘yŏngka 高麗 Koryŏ 노근리 Nogŭn-ni 평택군 P‘yŏngt‘aek-kun 평택읍 P‘yŏngt‘aeg-ŭp 진리 chilli 임진란 Imjinnan 대관령 Taegwallyŏng 金融 kŭmnyung 불상 pulsang 햇빛 haeppit 역할 yŏkhal 16. 잊혀진 ich‘yŏjin 17. 어떻게 ŏttŏk‘e 18. 많이 mani 19. 협력hyŏmnyŏk 20. 맑은 malgŭn 21. 앉아 anja 22. 이 어령 Yi Ŏ-ryŏng 23. 김 석민 Kim Sŏng-min 24. 사법 (司法) sabŏp 25. 사법 (私法) sapŏp Answers

30. Word Division • Basic Principles • Each word or lexical unit (including particles) is to be separated from other word • K‘alla TV rŭl chungsim ŭro 칼라 TV 를 중심 으로 • The Library of Congress will designate certain standard dictionaries as final authorities to resolve question of word division. A word found in these sources will be considered to be a lexical unit, and written as a unit. Words or parts of speech not appearing in these authorities will be separated or connected according to these guidelines. Then, when in doubt, prefer to separate. • A compound word is considered a combination of binary words. (A binary word is a compound consisting of two Chinese characters (Hancha) or two syllables of Hangul.) • A compound word is divided into binary components according to euphony.

31. Word Division • Specific Rules • Write a particle (토) as a word separate from the word stem, except as noted in (a) through (d) below. • na nŭn nae kil e나 는 내 길 에 • noin kwa pada老人 과 바다 • ch‘owŏn ŭi kkum ŭl kŭdae ege草原 의 꿈 을 그대 에게 • sae ya sae ya p‘arang sae ya새 야 새 야 파랑 새 야 • 1A. Add a particleas a suffix to a verb stem, adverb, or a simple inflection of the verb stem or adverb. • sarang pannŭn anae사랑 받는 아내 • chago mŏktŏni자고 먹더니 • kanan ŭl iginŭn pŏp가난 을 이기는 法

32. Word Division Specific Rules 1B. Write coordinated or multisyllabic particles together as a word. However, always separate the particle (ŭi) from other particles. na mando anida나 만도 아니다 Han’guk kojŏn eŭi ch‘odae한국 古典 에 의 招待 iltŭng egenŭn so rŭl sang ŭro一等 에게는 소 를 상 으로 hangmun ŭrosŏŭi sahak學門(問) 으로서 의 史學 1C. Write independent contracted particles (such as 엔, 엘) separately from the preceding word. yejŏn en mich‘ŏ mollassŏyo 예전 엔 미처 몰랐어요 kohyang el kanda 고향 엘 간다 1D. When particles are contracted to nouns or pronouns, connect them to those words. chigŭm ŭn nugun’ga wasŏ 지금 은 누군가 와서 nan molla 난 몰라 kŭgŏn na to molla 그건 나 도 몰라

33. Word Division Specific Rules 2. Write a simple inflected verb, adjective, or adverb as a separate word or as a suffix joined to a word, according to the dictionary that served as authority or the sense of the element(s) involved. mŏndong i t‘ŭl ttae먼동 이 틀 때 pam e ssŭn insaengnon밤 에 쓴 인생론 choguk ŭl chik‘in yongsa조국 을 지킨 용사 nugu rŭl wihayŏ chong ŭn ullina누구 를 위하여 종 은 울리나 simni to mot kasŏ palpyŏng nanda십리 도 못 가서 발병 난다irŏbŏrin kaŭl잃어버린 가을 mongmarŭn hujo목마른 후조

34. Word Division Specific Rules 2A. Separate an auxiliary verb, adjective, or adverb and its inflection from the word stem. kago sipŭn nae kohyang가고 싶은 내 고향 ttŏna on kŭ chari e떠나 온 그 자리 에 nae chan i nŏmch‘i naida네 (내) 盞 이 넘치 나이다

35. Word Division Specific Rules 2B. Separate the auxiliary하다(hada), the copula 이다(ida), and inflections of the same from the word stem when they consist of two or more syllables. Sin ŭn ch‘angjoja ida신 은 창조자 이다 sarang iranŭn pyŏng사랑 이라는 병 2C. Separate a gerund form from the word stem. p‘urŭn pyŏl ŭn sara issŏtta푸른 별 은 살아 있었다

36. Word Division 3. Write an imperfect noun as a separate word, except as noted in A-B below. morankkot p‘il muryŏp모란꽃 필 무렵 ssirŭm ŭn Tano ppun anirao씨름 은 단오 뿐 아니라오 3A. Write a single syllable, imperfect noun as a word joined to an attributive adjective or to a simple inflected verb. halsu ŏmnŭn saramdŭl할수 없는 사람들 sinsa sungnyŏ yŏrŏbun신사 숙녀 여러분 nugu rŭl wihan kŏsin’ga누구 를 위한 것인가 i choguk ŏdiro kalkŏt in’ga이 조국 어디로 갈것 인가 3B. Connect a prefix (接頭辭), such as the native Korean prefixes갓(kat), 홀(hol), 핫(hat), and 풋(p‘ut) to the words that follow them. kassŭmul갓스물 tŏtchŏgori덧저고리 p‘ussarang풋사랑

37. Word Division 3C. Write a single syllable attributive adjective or prefix as joined to a personal pronoun or imperfect noun. kŭbun i sŏnsaeng ida그분 이 先生 이다 igŏt i chinsang ida이것 이 眞相 이다 4. Write a derived word formed by the addition of a single character modifier, affix, or substantive as a single word, whether the word be of pure Korean or Chinese origin. Han’guk kwa Han’gugin韓國 과 韓國人 pudongsan p‘yŏngka不動産 評價 taedosi ŭi inyŏm kwa Han’guk大都市 의 理念 과 韓國 Hanbando ŭi p‘yŏnghwa wa anbo韓半島 의 平和 와 安保 kyŏngje ch‘odaeguk ŭi hyŏngsŏng經濟 超大國 의 形成 hwangmuji ka changmikkot kach‘i황무지 가 장미꽃 같이

38. Word Division 4A. In a Sino-Korean phrase, write a simple inflection of the auxiliary 하다(hada) and 되다(toeda), and the copula 이다(ida) joined to the word stem. kodokhal ttae sayŏn ŭl고독할 때 사연 을 yŏngwŏnhan saengmyŏng영원한 생명 haengbokhan Miguk saenghwal행복한 미국 생활 chomyŏnghae pon uri choguk조명해 본 우리 조국

39. Word Division 4B. Connect a single character modifier, affix, or substantive of Western origin with a hyphen to a word of Korean or Sino-Korean origin. Connect a single character modifier of Korean or Sino-Korean origin with a hyphen to a word of Western origin. Pak Mog-wŏl taep‘yo esei-chip박 목월 대표 에세이집 kukche maak‘et‘ing-non국제 마아케팅론 4C. Write an attributive adjective or a pre-formative character separately from the word it modifies. sin hŏnpŏp신 헌법 chŏ hanŭl edo sŭlp‘ŭm i저 하늘 에도 슬픔 이 Han’guk sinhak nonmun ch‘ong saegin한국 신학 논문 총 색인 kŭndaesa ui chae chomyŏng근대사 의 재 조명 kwanhan il yŏn’gu관한 일 연구

40. Word Division 4D. Write two coordinated characters, affixes, or substantives together as an integral part of the word. such‘urip chŏlch‘a輸出入 節次 kungnaeoe sajŏng國內外 事情 Han’guk sŏhwaga inbo韓國 書畵家 印譜 ch‘ŏngsonyŏn ege tŭrinŭn Hanŏl청소년 에게 드리는 한얼

41. Word Division 4E. Write a single character suffix together with the word stem. kongsanch‘ŭk ŭi chujang共産側 의 主張 arŭmdaun tongmuldŭl아름다운 동물들 4F. Add the binary 주의(chuŭi; used chiefly as a formative element) to its modifier as a suffix. minjujuŭi民主主義 Marŭk‘ŭsŭ-chuŭi wa Kidokkyo마르크스 主義 와 基督敎 5. Write any binary component of a compound as a single word, when possible. t‘ojikaeryangchohap土地 改良 組合

42. Word Division 5A. Write a single character substantive as part of the preceding binary element of a compound. Write a single character substantive or an additional modifier together as part of the binary element. kukse kibonpŏp國稅 基本法 chijŏng t‘onggye chosap‘yo指定 統計 調査表 Han’guk chŏnt‘ong mokcho kŏnmulto韓國 傳統 木造 建物圖 kyeryang kyŏngjehakchŏk yŏn’gu計量 經濟學的 硏究 5B. If two single character substantives appear in succession, write the second one as a separate word. kukse kibonpŏpnon國稅 基本法 論 t‘onggye chosap‘yochip統計 調査表 集 hyŏndae chakka samsipsaminchip現代 作家 三十三人 集 Chungguk kojŏn Hansiin sŏn中國 古典 漢詩人 選 kwijokchesŏl kwa kwallyojenon貴族制 說 과 官僚制 論

43. Word Division 5C. Write a single character noun as a separate word. hyŏn haengjŏng ha e che kisul現 行政 下 의 諸 技術 Moktan’gang haeng yŏIch‘a牧丹江 行 列車 Han’guk Chunggong kan ŭi kyoyŏk韓國 中共 間 의 交易 5D. Borrowed (Western) words or terms: When it can be determined that a word or words in Korean consisted of more than one word in the original language, apply the following guidelines. If they appear separately, write them separately. syeip‘ŭ ŏp셰이프 업 t‘eibŭl maenŏ테이블 매너 If they appear without spaces, write them as a single word. (It is useful to also provide an access point in which the word or words are separated in the same manner as in the original language.) syeip‘ŭŏp(originally shape up) 셰이프업 (and another access point from syeip'ŭ ŏp) t‘eibŭlmaenŏ (originally table manners) 테이블매너 (and another access point from t'eibŭl maenŏ)

44. Word Division If they appear without spaces, write them as a single word. (It is useful to also provide an access point in which the word or words are separated in the same manner as in the original language.) syeip‘ŭŏp (originally shape up) 셰이프업 (and another access point from syeip‘ŭ ŏp) t‘eibŭlmaenŏ (originally table manners) 테이블매너 (and another access point from t‘eibŭl maenŏ) If they appear with a center dot ( . ), write them separately. syeip‘ŭ ŏp셰이프·업 t‘eibŭl maenŏ테이블·매너

45. Word Division 6. Personal Names 6A. Write a family name consisting of two characters as a single word. Hyphenate a given name in two characters or a courtesy name (in place of a given name), and capitalize only the first letter of the first syllable. Ch‘oe Ch‘i-wŏn崔 致遠 Yi Kwang-su이 광수 Kim So-wŏl金 素月 Namgung Kak南宮 珏 Sŏnu Chong-wŏn鮮于 宗源 6B. Write a pseudonym or other assumed name as one word. Kim Sakkat김 삿갓 Ch‘ungmugong忠武公

46. Word Division 6C. Write a Buddhist priestly or posthumous name as one word. Iryŏn 一然 Sŏk Myŏngjŏng釋 明正 6D. Write a reign title, temple name, or title of nobility as one word without a hyphen. T‘aejo太祖 Yi Sejong李 世宗 Kwanggaet‘o Wang廣開土 王 Hyegyŏnggung Hong Ssi惠慶宮 洪 氏 Chang Hŭibin張 禧嬪 Hyŏnu Haengja賢愚 行者

47. Word Division 7. Corporate Names, Geographical Names, Names in Publication Titles, etc. 7A. Treat a corporate name also as a binary compound when possible. Write separately as binary elements general terms such as 학회 (Hakhoe), 학과 (Hakkwa), 교회 (Kyohoe), etc. Han’guksa Hakhoe韓國史 學會 Han’guk Sahakhoe韓國 史學會 Nasŏng Hanin Changno Kyohoe라성 한인 장로 교회 Kugŏ Kungmun Hakkwa國語 國文 學科 Nodong Kijun Chosaguk勞動 基準 調査局 Han’guk Hyumŏnisŭt‘ŭ-hoe韓國 휴머니스트·會 7B. Write a proper name, term of address, or publication title separately from its modifier and also separately from the word it modifies. Wŏllam Yi Sang-jae Ong月南 李 商在 翁 Nanjung ilgi ch‘o亂中 日記 抄 Hŭngsŏn Kun興宣 君 Kwibong chip龜峯 集 Wŏnye Hakkwa chi園藝 學科 誌 Taegu Maeil Sinmunsa sa大邱 每日 新聞社 史

48. Word Division 7C. Hyphenate a generic term used as part of the name of a jurisdiction, and indicate phonetic changes, except in the case of the term 북도 (pukto). Kangwŏn-do강원도 Kyŏngsang-pukto慶尙北道 Taegu-si大邱市 Kahoe-dong嘉會洞 7D. Write a generic term for a type of topographic feature, architectural construction, or a corporate entity used as a part of a proper name, together with its name. Hallasan한라산 Naktonggang낙동강 Tongnimmun독립문 Tonga Ilbosa東亞 日報社 Yurisŏng유리城

49. Word Division 7E. Treat a generic term for a topographical feature or a jurisdiction also as a binary element when combined with another word. T‘aebaek sanmaek太白 山脈 Anju Kunminhoe安州 郡民會 Wŏnju kunji原州 郡誌 Sŏjangdae Manwŏl Sanjŏng西壯臺 滿月 山頂 8. Abbreviated Forms: 8A. Write contractions which include proper names as a single word. Yŏngamsaji靈巖 寺址 (靈巖寺 + 寺址) Sŏul T‘ŭkpyŏlsirip Namsan Tosŏgwan서울 特別市立 南山 圖書館 8B. Write an abbreviated or contracted proper name, Korean or foreign, as a single word. onŭl ŭi Pukhan오늘 의 北韓 Chŏn’gyŏngnyŏn全經聯 Chunggongkwŏn ŭi changnae中共圈 의 將來

50. Word Division Specific Rules 8C. Hyphenateabbreviated forms combined coordinately. Do not indicate phonetical changes. Write a single character substantive as part of the final element in that combination. ch‘oesin Pul-Han sajŏn最新 佛韓 辭典 Sŏul Chung-Kodŭng Hakkyo서울 中高等 學校 sinyŏk Sin-Kuyak chŏnsŏ新譯 新舊約 全書 chung-tanp‘yŏn sosŏl中短篇 小說 Paekhwabon Tang-Song sanmunsŏn白話本 唐宋 散文選 Myŏng-Ch‘ŏng p‘ilgi kosa sŏnyŏk명청 필기 고사 선역