Critics

1. Critics NadijahPardue, Ashlyn Cowan, Chloe Page

2. Poverty in Industrial Societies • Caused by industrialization • High prices especially food • Peasant poverty- had “safety net”. Community would help each other in time of need, when crops were bad. • Worker poverty- no “safety net.” Depended on the economy, if bad many businesses went bankrupt. • England • Industrial • No famine • Ireland • Still agricultural. • Affected by famine. • Capitalism- an economic system began during the industrialization of Europe in which the means of production are privately owned and operated by individuals for a profit and in which the market plays a dominant role in the 19th and 20th centuries.

3. Early Socialists • “fraternity” from French Revolution • Egalitarianism- what socialists believed, all people having equal social, political, and sometimes even economical rights. • Utopian Socialists • inspiration Francois Babeuf who thought the state should have much of the control, no private property • No wealth gap • Still had private property and capitalism

4. CLAUDE HENRI DE SAINT-SIMON • Didn’t like authority • New Christianity-help the poor • Industrial growth-social improvement • CHARLES FOURIER • 12 main passions • Phalanges • Women’s equality • Contrasted with industrialization • Never real phalange • ROBERT OWEN • Cooperate together in communities (New Lanark-successful) • Have a good life

5. Charles Fourier Francois Babeuf Claude Henri de Saint-Simon

6. Karl Marx • Middle class socialist philosopher • From Prussia • Popular • 1840- arrested because of what he believed “Philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways. The point however, is to change it.”

7. The Battle Between Religion and Science • All of Darwins theories regarding evolution caused great disruption in Europe between religious leaders and political leaders. • Sir Charles Lyell an English geologist who wrote The Principles of Geology came up with the theory that the world must be older than we think. • Most of Europeans were still Christian but their beliefs changed because of the new science theories.

8. Critiques of Reason • Frederich Nietzsche • German philospher • The Nazis were influenced by him. • Didn’t believe in Christian values or society. • Sigmund Freud • Austrian physiatrist • Repression • Scientific, not religious

9. Game! • True or false: Since England became industrialized they were affected by famine, opposed to Ireland which wasn’t affected by famine because it was still agricultural • False. Ireland was affected but England was not. • Who was an English geologist thought the world must be older than we think and wrote The Principles of Geology? • Sir Charles Lyell • Who were the Nazis influenced by? • Frederich Nietzsche

10. What was a utopian society that was made up of a mix of people with jobs that were related to their passions? • Phalange • Who’s idea were the phalanges? • Charles Fourier • True or False: Fourier created many successful phalanges. • False. One was never actually made, it was only an idea. • What is the belief of social, political, and economical rights being equal for all people? • Egalitarianism