1. The Gurdon Scientific Research Institute within The University of Cambridge “Some unintended consequences of installing sophisticated lighting control systems”

2. Kathy Hilton • Technical support and Building Facilities Manager • Environmental knowledge and background until early 2012 - none! • Summarise the Institute and then talk about our experiences with lighting

3. How we embarked on energy saving campaign • The Gurdon is a small Institute (7070m2) • Generate third highest carbon emissions within the University • In academic year 2010/11 we used 5M kW electricity and 4.5M kW gas. • In late 2011 we volunteered to became a University “pilot” department to explore ways to reduce our carbon footprint

4. Gurdon energy usage compared to other ‘pilot’ departments m2

5. Monitoring & visual data • Only had one figure for electricity and one for gas - that of our mains meters • The first stage as a pilot department was to have electrical sub-metering installed by Building Sustainability Ltd. • ‘Tracker’ allowed us to monitor, identify & target areas for reducing electrical consumption

6. Summary snapshot of Gurdon Electrical usage (Feb 12) 47.2% Workzones 42.2 % Climate 10.6% Services Workzones = our laboratories and support rooms including lighting circuits

7. Starting with Behaviour Change • Engaging scientists and getting them on board – reduce waste by switching off • Using their natural competitiveness we launched an energy reduction competition • Asked for energy saving ideas • Gurdon Lighting. • 1062 light fittings, maximum of 550,000 kwh per annum or 10% of total building electricity • Free lighting surveys suggest 50% reduction

8. Is a lighting retrofit value for money? • Financial cost • Surveys suggested £54K to £65K • Energy saving of 50% with 3 year payback • But not comparable due to different assumptions • Scientific downtime cost • 24/7 Institute • Working around scientists or stopping works • Management time of works • Environmental disposal cost • Why throw away (recycle!) working lights

9. Lighting Trial 1 - equipment room • Communal area ( ~ 50m2) where scientists come and go to use equipment • 12 light fittings (of 72 watt) withT8 fluorescent tubes (room total 864 watts) • encouraged switching off of lights – but this did not always happen • Researchers are often carrying items • Lights frequently left on all night • Room is “unloved” as no one person takes responsibility or “owns” the space

10. Lighting trial 1 - wireless occupancy sensor • Installed 2 x Lutron Ranio sensors set to 15 min timeout and a partner switch. • Set to occupancy – so detected people when entering and automatically timed out. • But encouraged the light switch to be left alone • Once people got used to it, reduced timeout to 5mins • Result was a 65 - 70% reduction in this room (460kW/month to 130kW/month)

11. Lighting Trial 1 equipment room Wireless Lutron sensor & switch

12. Day profile – red manual (July 2012); green with sensors (Aug 2013) Annual profile – from July 2012 (red) compared to Aug 2013 (green)

13. Lighting 2 - trial lab • Laboratories are about 100 m2 • A mixture of fluorescent T8 tubes and down lighters ~ 1000 watts total • Multi gang light switches – manually switched on/off • Typically lights are on all day (and sometimes at night) • Lutron part wireless solution = flexibility • Utilised dual technology sensors (PIR & Ultrasonic). Very minor motion in lab (microscopes etc).

14. Trial Lab – lights on

15. Lighting trial 2 involved • Dimmable ballasts installed for daylight harvesting • T8s change to T5s • Occupancy sensing throughout lab • Switching repositioned for ‘fine’ local control (in individual bays) Green – manual switching Red - occupancy

16. Trial Lab – lights off

17. Typical Day –after sensors were adjusted for vacancy (red) Trial to date (July 2012 to Aug 2013) 2012 2013

18. Unintended Consequences • Our researchers’ behaviour had a positive effect on manual switching of lights – especially in ‘owned’ areas but less so in ‘unloved’ areas • Automatic occupancy sensors altered the thresholds (max & min watts) but not as expected, hence change to vacancy • Use of space and its occupants are key • “One size does not fit all”

19. Lighting Trial 3 - LED flat panels • Foyer area used fluorescent spot = 504 watts. Now have LED flat panels = 112 watts • Intend to install in our corridors which are on 24hours. Estimate a 70% reduction (from 54,000 kW to 16,000 kW per year) • Incorporate wireless controls that will set the light level to the correct level and then dim down to 10%.

20. Outcomes • The Gurdon has installed 97 Ranio sensors (trial 1) in other ‘unloved’ areas such as equipment rooms, support rooms, offices and toilets. • These wireless Lutron sensors are to be rolled out across the University estates in other ‘unloved’ areas. • Based on this trial the University has allocated a budget to tender for the survey, purchase and installation for 50 buildings, and plan to include air conditioning controls as well.

21. Thank You Questions ?