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Technician License Class

Technician License Class. Chapter 2 Radio Signals & Fundamentals. System of Metric Units. Tera T 10 12 1,000,000,000,000 Giga G 10 9 1,000,000,000 Mega M 10 6 1,000,000 Kilo k 10 3 1,000 Basic Unit 10 0 1 Milli m 10 -3 0.001 Micro μ 10 -6 0.000001

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Technician License Class

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  1. Technician License Class Chapter 2 Radio Signals & Fundamentals

  2. System of Metric Units Tera T 1012 1,000,000,000,000 Giga G 109 1,000,000,000 Mega M 106 1,000,000 Kilo k 103 1,000 Basic Unit 100 1 Milli m 10-3 0.001 Micro μ 10-6 0.000001 Nano n 10-9 0.000000001 Pico p 10-12 0.000000000001 HPST Technician Course

  3. Units of Measurements 109 106 103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 G M k h da d c m µ n p giga mega kilo hectodecadecicentimilli micro nanopico

  4. T5B01 - How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes? • 15 milliamperes • B. 150 milliamperes • C. 1500 milliamperes • D. 15,000 milliamperes

  5. T5B02 - What is another way to specify a radio signal frequency of 1,500,000 hertz? A. 1500 kHz B. 1500 MHz C. 15 GHz D. 150 kHz

  6. T5B03 - new How many volts are equal to one kilovolt? A. One one-thousandth of a volt B. One hundred volts C. One thousand volts D. One million volts

  7. T5B04 - How many volts are equal to one microvolt? A. One one-millionth of a volt B. One million volts C. One thousand kilovolts D. One one-thousandth of a volt

  8. T5B05 - Which of the following is equal to 500 milliwatts? A. 0.02 watts B. 0.5 watts C. 5 watts D. 50 watts

  9. T5B12 - new Which of the following frequencies is equal to 28,400 kHz? A. 28.400 MHz B. 2.800 MHz C. 284.00 MHz D. 28.400 kHz

  10. T5B13 - new If a frequency display shows a reading of 2425 MHz, what frequency is that in GHz? A. 0.002425 GHz B. 24.25 GHz C. 2.425 GHz D. 2425 GHz

  11. The Basic Radio Station

  12. What Happens During Radio Communication? • Transmitting (sending a signal): • Information (voice, data, video, commands, etc.) is converted to electronic form. • The information in electronic form is attached or embedded on a radio wave (a carrier). • The radio wave is sent out from the station antenna into space.

  13. What Happens During Radio Communication? • Receiving end: • The radio wave (carrier) with the information is intercepted by the receiving station antenna. • The receiver extracts the information from the radio wave. • The information is then presented to the user in a format that can be understood (sound, picture, words on a computer screen, response to a command).

  14. What Happens During Radio Communication? • This sounds pretty simple, but it in reality is pretty complex. • This complexity is one thing that makes ham radio fun…learning all about how radios work. • Don’t be intimidated. You will be required to only know the basics, but you can learn as much about the “art and science” of radio as you want.

  15. Radio Waves are AC • Radio waves (electromagnetic radiation) are AC waves. • Radio waves are used to carry the information you want to convey to someone else.

  16. Wave Vocabulary • Before we study radio waves, we need to learn some wave vocabulary. • Amplitude • Frequency • Period • Wavelength • Harmonics

  17. How Radio Waves Travel • Moving electrons in the antenna create a magnetic field. • This changing magnetic field creates an electric field. • Then back and forth between magnetic and electric fields from point A to point B.

  18. Finding Where You are on the Radio Dial • There are two ways to tell someone where to meet you on the radio dial (spectrum). • Frequency • Band

  19. Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum • The RF spectrum is the range of wave frequencies which will leave an antenna and travel through space. • The RF spectrum is divided into segments of frequencies that basically have unique behavior.

  20. Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

  21. Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

  22. Wavelength • The distance a radio wave travels during one cycle. • One complete change between magnetic and electric fields.

  23. Wavelength 300 fMHz λm Frequency (MHz) = 300 / Wavelength (meters) Wavelength (meters) = 300 / Frequency (MHz)

  24. T5A12 - What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?A. Pulse rateB. SpeedC. WavelengthD. Frequency

  25. T5C05 - What is the unit of frequency? A. Hertz B. Henry C. Farad D. Tesla

  26. T5C14 - What is the proper abbreviation for megahertz? A. mHz B. mhZ C. Mhz D. MHz

  27. T3B08 - What are the frequency limits of the VHF spectrum? A. 30 to 300 kHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C 300 to 3000 kHz D. 300 to 3000 MHz

  28. T3B09 - What are the frequency limits of the UHF spectrum? A. 30 to 300 kHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C 300 to 3000 kHz D. 300 to 3000 MHz

  29. T3B10 - What frequency range is referred to as HF? A. 300 to 3000 MHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 3 to 30 MHz D. 300 to 3000 kHz

  30. T5C06 - What does the abbreviation “RF” refer to? • Radio frequency signals of all types • The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit • The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency • Reflective force in antenna transmission lines

  31. T3B01 - What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle? A. Wave speed B. Waveform C. Wavelength D. Wave spread

  32. T3B04 - How fast does a radio wave travel through free space? A. At the speed of light B. At the speed of sound C. Its speed is inversely proportional to its wavelength D. Its speed increases as the frequency increases

  33. T3B05 - How does the wavelength of a radio wave relate to its frequency? A. The wavelength gets longer as the frequency increases B. The wavelength gets shorter as the frequency increases C. There is no relationship between wavelength and frequency D. The wavelength depends on the bandwidth of the signal

  34. T3B06 - What is the formula for converting frequency to wavelength in meters? A. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300 B. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300 C. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300 D. Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz

  35. T3B07 - What property of radio waves is often used to identify the different frequency bands? A. The approximate wavelength B. The magnetic intensity of waves C. The time it takes for waves to travel one mile D. The voltage standing wave ratio of waves

  36. T3B11 - What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave as it travels through free space? A. 3000 kilometers per second B. 300,000,000 meters per second C. 300,000 miles per hour D. 186,000 miles per hour

  37. Break

  38. The Basic Radio Station

  39. Basic Station Organization • Station Equipment • Receiver • Transmitter • Feed line • Antenna • Power Supply • Accessory Station Equipment • Repeaters

  40. Basic Station Accessories • Human interface accessories: • Microphones • Speakers • Earphones • Computer • Morse code key • TV camera • etc. • Station performance accessories: • Antenna tuner • SWR meter • Amplifier • Antenna rotator • Filters • etc.

  41. Accessory Equipment

  42. Special Stations You Will Use (Repeaters) • Repeaters are automated stations located at high places that receive and then retransmit your signal simultaneously. • Dramatically improves range. • The basic components of a repeater are the same as your station: receiver, transmitter, antenna and power supply.

  43. Repeaters • Repeaters are transmitting and receiving at the same time often using the same antenna. • This requires a very high quality and specialized filter to prevent the transmitted signal from overpowering the receiver. • This filter is called a duplexer.

  44. Repeater

  45. T7A02 - What is a transceiver? • A type of antenna switch • A unit combining the functions of a transmitter and a receiver • A component in a repeater which filters out unwanted interference • A type of antenna matching network

  46. T1F09 - [97.3(a)(40)] What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels? A. Beacon station B. Earth station C. Repeater station D. Message forwarding station

  47. Questions?

  48. Technician License Class Next Session Chapter 3 Electricity, Components and Circuits

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