Ferns

1. Ferns

2. Alternation of generations • Zygote created from egg & sperm

3. Alternation of generations • Zygote divides by mitosis to create adult sporophyte

4. Alternation of generations • Haploid spores created by meiosis

5. Alternation of generations • Haploid spores released into air

6. Alternation of generations • Spore grows into male or female gametophyte • Female gametophyte creates eggs • Male gametophyte creates sperm

7. Alternation of generations • Sperm & egg create diploid zygote

8. Alternation of generations • Cycle repeats

9. Group 2: Seedless, Vascular Plants • Evolutionary Advancement: Vascular system • allows nutrient transport to greater heights • Moist environments • Swimming sperm • Structure: • Rhizoids = primitive roots • Leaves = fronds • Categories: • Club mosses • Horsetails • Ferns glucose water

10. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid See appendix B in your text book

11. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori Fiddlehead uncurling Fiddlehead Frond See appendix B in your text book

12. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia See appendix B in your text book

13. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia • Sporangia make spores • Spores created by meiosis • Spores released into air See appendix B in your text book

14. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia • Sporangia make spores • Spores created by meiosis • Spores released into air Sporangia act like catapults See appendix B in your text book

15. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia • Sporangia make spores • Spores created by meiosis • Spores released into air Sporangia act like catapults See appendix B in your text book

16. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia • Sporangia make spores • Spores created by meiosis • Spores released into air • Gametophyte phase • spore grows into prothallus See appendix B in your text book

17. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia • Sporangia make spores • Spores created by meiosis • Spores released into air • Gametophyte phase • spore grows into prothallus • Prothallus contains: • Archegonium: produces female egg • Antheridium: produces male sperm • Sperm swims to fertilize the egg See appendix B in your text book

18. Fern Life Cycle • Sporophyte phase • Dominant stage; Diploid • Fronds house sori • Sorus = Cluster of sporangia • Sporangia make spores • Spores created by meiosis • Spores released into air • Gametophyte phase • spore grows into prothallus • Prothallus contains: • Archegonium: produces female egg • Antheridium: produces male sperm • Sperm swims to fertilize the egg • Zygote restarts sporophyte See appendix B in your text book

19. Spores are released from the sori on the back-side of fronds . . . . Adult Sporophyte (diploid) ground

20. 2) Haploid spores land in the soil . . ground

21. 3) From the haploid spores, the prothallus (gametophyte) grows Let’s zoom in ground . .

22. 4) Sperm swim through water from the antheridium to the archegonia Let’s zoom back out zygote

23. 5) Diploid sporophyte grows from the prothallus -- prothallus eventually dies ground

24. 6) Fiddlehead uncurls into a fronds 7) Cycle repeats -- Sporangia creates spores to be released . . . . ground

28. Place the steps of the fern life cycle in order, from the step started for you: __ 1 ___ Spores land on soil. _______ Sporophyte releases spores. _______ Through water, sperm swim from antheridium to archegonium on prothallus. _______ Prothallus grows. _______ Fertilization occurs. _______ Diploid sporophyte begins to grow.