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Ferns

Ferns. Sarah Burns Kellen Kristoffersen Matt Berard Graham Helfer. Important Information. There are 12,000 species of ferns They are the largest most diverse group of seedless vascular plants They are native to the tropics but are found in homes and gardens

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Ferns

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  1. Ferns Sarah Burns Kellen Kristoffersen Matt Berard Graham Helfer

  2. Important Information • There are 12,000 species of ferns • They are the largest most diverse group of seedless vascular plants • They are native to the tropics but are found in homes and gardens • They are less than 1 centimeter across but can be 25 meters tall • Leafs are called leaflets

  3. Phyla & Biome • Pterophyta • Carboniferous period of the Paleozoic Era • Found in wet humid habitats • Biome: Tropical Rainforest

  4. Evolution • Descendants of rhyniopsida – an extinct group of free-sporing plants that originated 430 mya and became extinct 370 mya • Vascular plants arose after nonvascular plants • Different from bryophytes because there sporophyte doesn’t remain attached to the gameophyte, they have true vascular tissues • First plants to have megaphylls – a leaf with a complex system of branched veins

  5. Reproduction • The sperm reaches the egg by swimming in the water droplets on the leafs • They reproduce sexually during brief seasonal pulses of heavy rains which is why it is adaptive to the tropical environment because it rains a lot

  6. Alteration of Generation • Adult Fern • Dominate life cycle stage: Sporophyte • Haploid Stage • Diploid Stage • Mature Gametophyte

  7. Morphology - Fertilization • The rust colored patches on the ground are a cluster of sorus. When it is time to disperse the sorus pop open, releasing the spores through the air with great force. Every spore germinates and becomes a gametophyte (green and heart-shaped). • The ferns vascularized rhizomes give rise to the roots and leafs. While they are developing the young leaves coil into a structure that looks like a fiddlehead. Finally, when they mature the young leaves divide into leaflets.

  8. Dependency of Gametophyte & Sporophyte • The ferns are dependent on the gametophyte because: The spores that are released from the sorus germinate and become the gametophyte. The gametophyte produces the body that forms the haploid structure. It starts fertilization stage by producing the egg and the sperm structures. • The ferns are dependent on the sporophyte because: Produces the spore bearing structures that grow from the plant zygote. It is attached to the gametophyte and it grows and develops into the stem and first leaf of the fern and becomes the mature fern.

  9. Representative Species Asplenium Nephrolepis exaltata Adiantum Pteris cretica

  10. Habitat • Most ferns live in a moist and shady environment in wooded areas. The ferns are extremely abundant in tropical forests. Some are even capable of thriving in desert areas.

  11. Diversity • The number of ferns range from 9,000 – 15,000. • The reason for this huge range is due to a lack of studies done on most types of ferns. • There habitat ranges go to deserts, tropical rainforest and up to wooded forests.

  12. Benefits • Most benefits are minor but help out in those who work in offices • Faster recovery of mental tiredness • Absorption of carbon dioxide emissions • Reduces stress level

  13. Bibliography • http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/plants/tracheo/pteropsi/fernlike.htm • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.portlandnursery.com/plants/images/houseplants/ferns/maidenhair.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.portlandnursery.com/plants/houseplantPicks/houseplant_ferns.shtml&usg=__RPSRyCCKq7CvVVM6D1RyxrOAdEc=&h=768&w=1024&sz=204&hl=en&start=28&um=1&tbnid=qV_2X_iomDg-kM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspecies%2Bof%2Bferns%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18%26um%3D1 • http://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/plants/tracheo/pteropsi/fernlike.htm • Starr, . (2003). Biology Concepts and Applications. Belmont , CA: Thompson Learning Inc..

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