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The Progressive Movement: Goals and Key Figures in American Reform (1890–1920)

The Progressive Movement (1890-1920) was a series of reform efforts aimed at addressing social issues caused by industrialization and urbanization in the U.S. Activists believed government should play an active role in solving problems like child labor, crime, and health issues. Muckrakers, including Ida Tarbell and Jacob Riis, highlighted political corruption and social injustices. Key reforms like the 17th Amendment, suffrage, and prohibition (18th Amendment) were achieved. This era set the stage for future civil rights movements and legislative changes, shaping modern American society.

allistair-guthrie
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The Progressive Movement: Goals and Key Figures in American Reform (1890–1920)

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Essential Question • What were the goals of the progressive movement?

  2. The Roots of Progressivism

  3. Progressivism (1890-1920) • Series of reform efforts that changed U.S. society

  4. Social Problems • Crime • Illiteracy • Alcohol abuse • Child Labor • Health and safety issues

  5. Progressivism • Believed industrialism and urbanization had created social problems • Agreed government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems

  6. Muckrakers • Crusading journalists • Investigated social conditions and political corruption

  7. Ida Tarbell • Published a series of articles critical of the Standard Oil Company (Rockefeller)

  8. Lincoln Steffens • Reported on vote stealing and corrupt urban political machines

  9. Jacob Riis • Focused on poverty, disease, and crime in NYC immigrant neighborhoods

  10. Jane Addams Hull House Settlement house for helping the poor in cities

  11. Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Organized in 1874 • Pressed for prohibition – laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol

  12. 18th Amendment Passed in 1919 Prohibited the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol

  13. Direct Election of Senators • The Constitution stated each state legislature would elect two senators • 17th Amendment – direct election by the population of U.S. senators

  14. Political Reforms • Initiative – allow citizens to introduce legislation • Referendum – allow legislation to be submitted to voters for approval • Recall – allow voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official

  15. Suffrage Movement • Suffrage = right to vote • By 1900 – only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Colorado had granted women voting rights

  16. Suffrage, 1890-1919

  17. Nineteenth Amendment • Ratified in 1920 • Gave women the right to vote

  18. Child Labor • 1900 – over 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home • Most in factories

  19. Coal Mine “Breaker Boys”

  20. Cloth Factories

  21. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire March 25, 1911 Sweatshop Fire kills 146 Young female immigrant workers

  22. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

  23. The Rise of Segregation

  24. Sharecropping • Most African American farmers were sharecroppers • Always in debt and landless

  25. Jim Crow Laws • Segregation = separation of races • Laws that enforced segregation were Jim Crow laws

  26. Jim Crow Laws • Railroad cars • Restaurants • Water fountains • Hotels • Swimming pools

  27. Plessy v. Ferguson • Supreme Court case • Enforced segregation with a “separate but equal” clause • Legal basis for discrimination

  28. Booker T. Washington • African American educator • Focused on achieving economic goals rather than political • Speech known as the Atlanta Compromise

  29. W.E.B. DuBois • African Americans must demand their rights rather than allow them to be stripped away

  30. Niagara Movement (1905) • African American leaders met at Niagara Falls to demand full political rights • Led to the founding of the NAACP

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