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What is Scientific Productivity ?. INPUT. OUTPUT. Publications Patents Books Technology Transfers, Instruments Designed, Royalty earned etc. Scientists Buildings Equipments Communication Tools Salary etc. =. Factors that affect Productivity. Environment Resources Mentors
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What is Scientific Productivity ? INPUT OUTPUT Publications Patents Books Technology Transfers, Instruments Designed, Royalty earned etc. Scientists Buildings Equipments Communication Tools Salary etc. =
Factors that affect Productivity • Environment • Resources • Mentors • Age of Researchers • Experience • No. of Researchers • Mobility of Researchers in search of better prospects • Avenues for individual growth • Sociological factors like …
Why Evaluation? • In an age when Private or Govt. Bodies are asked to award large sum to scientists for research activity. • Those in-charge of making such decisions (Policy Makers) feel uneasy about having to base their decisions only on guess and on the personal experiences of previous science administrators. • In true scientific spirit, these decision makers would like to have more objective knowledge and understanding human activity in order to improve the efficiency and impact of their operations.
Who wants Evaluation? • Science Policy Makers • Science Fund Managers • Institutes for rewarding outstanding contributions • Awarding the scientific projects for conducting • research
What can be Evaluated? • Country • Departments/Divisions • Institutes • Universities • Individuals
Methods of Evaluations? Quantitative Analysis Qualitative analysis No. of scientific publications No of Patents filed No of Technology transfers etc. Peer Review (Judges Rating) Citation Analysis etc.
Examples of Scientific Productivity • Some of the examples of Scientometric studies that we have conducted in SIRD, BARC will prove… • Publication productivity is one of the important indicators to help us to know the scientific standing of a country among other countries of the world,Institutions among other institutions, Individual scientists among other scientists.
Nuclear S & T : A Global Perspective (INIS 1970-2002) India is at 7th position
Thorium Research: A Global Perspective (SCI 1982-2004) India is at 2nd position Countries
PHWRrelated research: A Global Perspective (1966-2002) India is at 1st position INDIA Countries
India’s Position in Mass Spectrometry Research in Nulear Science & Technology India is at 5th Position • Lists top 20 countries • 81 countries actively engaged in research • Produced 10913 publications- USA is the top producing country with 2247 (18.11%), followed by, Germany with 1333 (10.74%), Japan with 820 (6.61%), France with 525 (4.23%) India with 460 (3.71%), and United Kingdom 440 (3.55%) publications .
India’s Position in Electrochemistry Research as per SCI (1982-2005) India is at 11th position
PLD: A Global Perspective India is at 9th position Lists top 17 countries with 100 or more number of publications 84 countries actively engaged in PLD research and produced 8534 publications. USA is the top producing country with 2014 publications, followed by, Japan with 1553 publications, People’s-R-China with 1106 publications, Germany with 763 publications, South Korea with 694 publications, France with 615 publications, Italy with 363 publications, England with 297 And India with 291 publications.
India’s Position in Vacuum Science & Technology In Nuclear Science &Technology INIS (1982-2005) India is at 10th position • Lists top 20 countries • 110 countries actively engaged in research • produced 12027 publications-USA is the top producing country with 1936, followed by Japan with 1770 publications, France with 8929 (8.63%) publications, Germany with 1147 publications, Russian Federation with 971, Peoples-R-China with 808 publications, and England with 474. India ranked tenth among other countries with 400 publications.
Scientometric Studies on Various Divisions of BARC • Some of the examples of Scientometric studies on Various Divisions of BARC • Chemistry Division (Productivity) • Chemistry Division (Citation Analysis) • Analytical Chemistry Division • Bio-Organic Division • Radiochemistry Division • Technical Physics & Prototype Engineering Division (Under Progress)
Conclusion We are in the age of globalization.The world is becoming more and more competitive in every sphere of human activity which demands standardization of tools and techniques. A lot of research is being conducted all over the world in standardization of Scientometric techniques. Bibliometric techniques and laws may not always follow in all the situations as this depends on so many parameters which affect the studies or analysis such as amount of data for the study, scientific development in a particular subject or a country etc. One should be very careful while conducting such studies using Scientometric techniques as the bibliographic data may contain some inaccuracies. One has to thoroughly check the bibliographic errors in databases before proceeding ahead of analysis such as homonyms, errors in references, authorship sequence, same author appearing differently, maiden names and married names, year of publication, source of publication, type of documents etc. In spite of all these pit falls mentioned above, still the Scientometric indicators are being used widely all over the world for taking various policy decisions. If one uses these technique intelligently combining with other available methods, Scientometrics may prove to be one of the best tools available for science evaluators, policy makers, science administrators and librarians.
