Nationalism

1. Nationalism As heard through music

2. What is a Nation? • A distinctive people born into a unique community that spoke the same language, observed common customs, inherited common cultural traditions, held common values, and shared common historical experiences.

3. Nation • Often they also honored religious beliefs, although they sometimes overlooked differences of faith and construed the nation as a political, social, and cultural, rather than religious, unit.

4. Nationalism • Love and loyalty to your nation • Intense feelings of national identity • The nation must be the focus of political loyalty • Nation-state NationalismFascismNazism

5. Cultural nationalism • Appreciation for history of the nation • Pride in cultural accomplishments • Johann Gottfried von Herder=Volk, Volksgeist • Literature: poetry, songs, folk tales • Art • Music

6. Music • As a musical movement, nationalism emerged early in the 19th century in connection with political independence movements, and was characterized by an emphasis on national musical elements such as the use of folk songs, folk dances or rhythms, or on the adoption of nationalist subjects for operas, symphonic poems, or other forms of music (Kennedy 2006).

7. “La Marseillaise” • La Marseillaise, the French national anthem, was composed in one night during the French Revolution (April 24, 1792) by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle. • Arise children of the fatherlandThe day of glory has arrivedAgainst us tyranny'sBloody standard is raisedListen to the sound in the fieldsThe howling of these fearsome soldiersThey are coming into our midstTo cut the throats of your sons and consorts • To arms citizens Form your battalionsMarch, marchLet impure bloodWater our furrows • What do they want this horde of slavesOf traitors and conspiratorial kings?For whom these vile chainsThese long-prepared irons?Frenchmen, for us, ah! What outrageWhat methods must be taken?It is us they dare planTo return to the old slavery!

8. Star spangled banner • National Anthem of U.S.A. • Written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key • First verse of poem, “Defence of Ft. McHenry”, during War of 1812. • O say can you see by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

9. 1812 overtureTchaikovsky • 1880, to commemorate Russia’s victory over Napoleon in War of 1812. • “God Preserve Thy People”---hymn, declaration of war was announced at church • Militant tunes, marching armies • Battle of Borodino---Russian cannon shots met with “La Marseillaise” • Russian Folk Dance---patience of Russian people • Descending string passage represents attrition of French forces, snow fall in winter • Victory bells • Triumphant repetition of “God Preserve Thy People” to give thanks • “God Save the Czar” under cannon and horns

10. Italian unificationGuiseppe Verdi (1813-1901): "Va, pensiero" (Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves) 1842 Go, my thoughts on golden wings; Go, settle on the cliffs and hills Where the sweet breezes bring The warm, soft fragrances of your native land From Jordan, the river of salvation, and From the desolate towers of Zion. Oh my fatherland so beautiful and lost! Oh remembrances, so dear and so deadly Golden Harps of our prophets and poets, Why have you changed into weeping willows? The battered memory in my heart Which speaks of the time which was! Either like Solomon to the fates You present a sound of crude lament, Or the Lord inspires in you a song Which takes courage into the depths.

11. Frederic Chopin • William von Lenz, a student of Chopin’s, said of the Mazurkas, “Chopin…represented Poland. He incarnated Poland, he put Poland to music.” Chopin managed to elevate the Mazurka from banal peasant dance to a recognizable, national sound in classical music. People could listen to the Mazurkas and say, “that’s Polish.” • Polish carols, folk songs, lullabies in music. • Mazurkas=Polish peasant dances • Polonaises=Polish soldier dances

12. England: Edward Elgar: Pomp and Circumstance March No 1 • Dear Land of Hope, thy hope is crowned.God make thee mightier yet!On Sov'ran brows, beloved, renowned,Once more thy crown is set.Thine equal laws, by Freedom gained,Have ruled thee well and long;By Freedom gained, by Truth maintained,Thine Empire shall be strong. Land of Hope and Glory,Mother of the Free,How shall we extol thee,Who are born of thee?Wider still and widerShall thy bounds be set;God, who made thee mighty,Make thee mightier yet. Thy fame is ancient as the days,As Ocean large and wide:A pride that dares, and heeds not praise,A stern and silent pride:Not that false joy that dreams contentWith what our sires have won;The blood a hero sire hath spentStill nerves a hero son.

13. Aaron Copland • Fanfare for the Common Man • Rodeo • Appalachian Spring • “These pieces are famous because of how much they represent Americana. They paint a picture in the listeners mind of the untamed wild west and really bring the listener to a fantasy world in which they really feel like they are there. Copland is known as the "Dean of American Music" because of his textures and sounds that he used to portray the American sound in his music.” (Musical Nationalism, google.com)

14. Extra credit idea? • We have listened to music that shows nationalist ideas and feelings. What about literature or art?