1 / 51

The Road to War: 1919-1939

The Road to War: 1919-1939. Honors US History 14.1. Nationalism – intense feeling of national pride and unity. Dictator – a single person who has all of the political power in a nation.

almeida
Télécharger la présentation

The Road to War: 1919-1939

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Road to War: 1919-1939 Honors US History 14.1

  2. Nationalism – intense feeling of national pride and unity. Dictator – a single person who has all of the political power in a nation. Fascism – government system under the total control of a nationalist dictator and a single political party. Totalitarianism – a system in which the government controls the entire country (politics, economy, culture, etc.) Definitions

  3. Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear Totalitarianism

  4. Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

  5. Communism • I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. • What is Communism? • LEFT WING • based on theory by Karl Marx • revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” • state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) • Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

  6. Chaos at the Helm • Lenin dies in 1924 • Effect of ’22 stroke • Trotsky (Red Army) vs. Stalin (Gen. Sec. of the Communist party) • Party members all given their jobs by Stalin…

  7. The Purges • Paranoid, Stalin kills off all opponents, real or imagined • Order #00486 kills socially dangerous & their families • The NKVD (Cheka) hunts down enemies • Secret courts, immediate death

  8. Rise of a Dictatorship Depression Starvation and Misery A need for leadership and change A need to feel pride again People support a charismatic leader A need for someone to blame for everything (scapegoat) Totalitarian Dictatorship One person takes control

  9. Fascism • What is Fascism? • RIGHT WING • intense nationalism and elitism • totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights • maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

  10. Unrest in Italy • Italy did not receive the territory it wanted from WWI • A depression started in the country • The people became bitter and angry • Some workers talked of turning to communism.

  11. Italy – the Black Shirts • Benito Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy • Called “IL Duce” • Promises Italians a new “Roman Empire” • Invades Ethiopia

  12. Nazism • I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. • What is Nazism? • extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party • belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” • belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe • Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

  13. Decadence of the Weimar Republic What problems did the Weimar Republic face?

  14. The Versailles Treaty What was the problem with the treaty?

  15. The Great Depression

  16. Hitler considered himself superior, even though he was a drifter & failed artist during his youth. (Not even German Austrian) A corporal during WWI, he was devastated by Germany’s loss & blamed it on the Jews. He started his political career at age 30, joining the German Workers Party (As a spy for Weimar Republic) He was an excellent speaker and the Weimar Republic employed him to lecture soldiers on the dangers of communism and socialism. The Weimar Republic gave him the confidence to speak in front of crowds. Group had only 40 members Hitler fell in love with the ideas its leader Karl Drexler had about blaming Jews and Communists for Germany’s problems. Hitler told Weimar Republic this group posed no threat

  17. When he is put in his jail cell he is ranting and raving about the “Jews did this the Jews did that”. His cell mate Rudolf Hess started to write all this down. It will become the bookMein Kampf

  18. Aryans (Germanic) Culture Creating Middle (Non Germanic) Culture Maintaining Jews -Culture Destroying Untermenschen- undesirable elements like Jews: Gypsies , Jehovah Witnesses , Homosexuals , =Handicap, beggars,or those deemed “work shy” =Habitual Criminals. =Political Prisoners Divisions of Race To Hitler

  19. Germany – Nazi Party • Led by Adolf Hitler • Called “Der Fuhrer” • Claimed that Germans were the master race • Hitler was a fantastic public speaker who was very charismatic for the German people. • Nazis slowly took control over German Reichstag (Congress) • Hitler named chancellor of Germany in 1933.

  20. Rise of Hitler • Hitler becomes complete dictator of Germany. • Starts to rebuild the German military which creates jobs for German people. • Seizes Jewish assets to gain funding for eventual war. • Sends army to reclaim areas lost during WWI for Germany.

  21. Nazi Military State • SA (Sturmabteilung):Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties • GESTAPO: the Secret State Police • SS(Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA • Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east • Wehrmacht: German army • HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth • Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units • untermenschen-Inferior People

  22. The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory German soldiers are dissatisfied.

  23. Hitler Demonizes the Jews • Hitler proclaimed that Jews had stabbed Germany in the back - causing it to lose WWI. • Said Jews were scheming to take over the world. • Fed anti-Semitism which already existed in Europe.

  24. Persecution of the Jews • Nuremberg Laws • Took citizenship away from Jews • Highly restricted their rights • Forced to wear the yellow star • Put into ghettoes and concentration camps • Kristallnacht - 1938 • “Night of the Broken Glass” • Nazis destroy Jewish businesses

  25. Imperial Dreams in Japan • Japan had long been jealous of the empires of the white, European countries. • Why shouldn’t the Japanese have their own empire in the Pacific? • Japan adopted the ways of the West and built up their industry and military during the Meiji period after first American contact. • Led by General Tojo (military) and Emperor Hirohito (spiritual).

  26. The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

  27. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

  28. Japanese Invasion • Japan invades China and Korea as well as a number of islands in the Pacific.(1931) • Japan is a series of islands with little natural resources. • Japan needs resources (oil, metal) for their war efforts • Rape of Nanking • Japanese terrorize Nanking, China

  29. Japanese Atrocities against the Chinese • Japanese soldiers raped Chinese women and often killed them. • Japanese killed Chinese for no reason. • Japanese conducted vivisection experiments on Chinese people.

  30. Rape of Nanking

  31. Rape of Nanking

  32. A Weak League of Nations

  33. International Agreements • Locarno Pact – 1925 • France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy • Guarantee existing frontiers • Establish DMZ 30 miles deep on East bank of Rhine River • Refrain from aggression against each other • Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 • Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy • No enforcement provisions

  34. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations • No control of major conflicts. • No progress in disarmament. • No effective military force.

  35. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

  36. Germany Invades the RhinelandMarch 7, 1936

  37. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 Francisco Franco

  38. The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939 The National Front[Nationalists] The Popular Front[Republicans] • Anarcho-Syndicalists. • Basques. • Catalans. • Communists. • Marxists. • Republicans. • Socialists. • Carlists [ultra-Catholic monarchists]. • Catholic Church. • Falange [fascist] Party. • Monarchists.

  39. The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939

  40. The Spanish Civil War

  41. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939 The American “Lincoln Brigade”

  42. “Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

  43. The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian troops in Madrid

  44. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

  45. The “Problem” of theSudetenland

  46. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

  47. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

More Related