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Astronomy Division C

Science Olympiad. Astronomy Division C. Guidelines. Description: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of mathematics and physics relating to stellar evolution and Type II Supernova. A team of up to: 2 Approximate Time: 50 minutes. Guidelines.

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Astronomy Division C

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  1. Science Olympiad AstronomyDivision C

  2. Guidelines • Description: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of mathematics and physics relating to stellar evolution and Type II Supernova. • A team of up to: 2 • Approximate Time: 50 minutes

  3. Guidelines • Event Parameters: Each team may bring either 2 laptops or 2 3-ring binder containing info in any form from any source • Materials must be 3-hole punched and inserted into the rings • Each team member is permitted to bring a programmable calculator • NO INTERNET ACCESS!

  4. The Competition • Using H-R Diagrams, spectra, light curves, motions, cosmological distance equations and relationships, stellar magnitudes and classification, multi-wavelength images (X-Ray, UV, optical, IR, radio), charts, graphs, animations and DS9 imaging analysis software, students will answer questions

  5. Competition (Part A) • Stellar evolution, including spectral features and chemical composition, luminosity, blackbody radiation, color index (B-V), and H-R Diagram transitions, stellar nurseries and star formation, protostars, main sequence stars

  6. Competition (Part A) cont. • Cepheid variables, semiregular variables, red supergiants, neutron stars, magnetars, pulsars, Wolf-Rayet stars, stellar mass black holes, x-ray binary systems and Type II Supernovas

  7. Stellar Evolution • Lifespan of a star and radical changes • Dependent on mass • Ranges from few million years to trillions of years • All stars born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust

  8. Star Classification • HR Diagram

  9. Kepler’s Laws • Kepler’s First Law: Planets move around the sun in ellipses, with the Sun in one focus • Kepler’s Second Law: the line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal times • Kepler’s Third Law: The square of a planet’s sidereal period (P) around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the length of its orbit’s semimajor axis (a) • P2 = a3, planet closer to the Sun has a shorter year

  10. Kepler’s Laws cont. • Use laws, rotation and circular motion to answer questions relating to orbital motions of binary and multiple star systems • Use parallax, spectroscopic parallax, and the distance modulus to calculate distances to Type I and II Cepheids

  11. Cepheid variables • Cepheid variable stars expand and contract in a repeating cycle of size changes • Change in size is comparable with change in brightness

  12. Competition (Part c) • Identify, know the location and answer questions relating to the content areas outlined above for following object: • Cas A, IGR J17091, NGC 6888/WR 136, PSR J0108-1431, Cygnus X-1, SXP 1062, M1, V838 Mon, Delta Cep, aOrionis, SN 2010JL, NGC 3582, LHa115-N19, Antares/Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex and IC 1396

  13. Cassiopeia A (Cas A) • Remnant of a massive star that exploded about 300 years ago • 10 light years in diameter • 50 million degrees

  14. IGR J17091 • Binary system containing stellar mass black hole • Black hole pulling gas away from a companion star

  15. NGC 6888/WR 136 • Nebula

  16. PSR J0108-1431 • Solitary Pulsar located in constellation Cetus • 424 Light years away

  17. Cygnus X-1 • Well known galactic X-ray source in Cygnus constellation

  18. SXP 1062 • Supernova in constellation Tucana • 180,000 Light years away

  19. Messier 1 (M1) • Crab nebula

  20. V838 Monocerotis • Constellation Monoceros • Red variable star

  21. Delta Cep • Binary Star System • 887 Light years away

  22. Alpha Orionis

  23. Scoring • All questions will have been assigned a predetermined number of points. The highest score wins. Selected questions having differentiated weights will be used to break ties.

  24. Resources • Aavso.org • Chandra.harvard.edu • Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov • Nightsky.ie • Atlasoftheuniverse.com • Email Astronomy professor from IUN at lciupik@adlerplanetarium.org

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