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Astronomy Olympiad: Stellar Evolution and Type II Supernova Competition Guidelines

The Astronomy Olympiad for the Division C students focuses on stellar evolution and Type II supernovae. Teams, consisting of up to 2 members, will utilize H-R diagrams, light curves, and stellar classification to answer questions over approximately 50 minutes. Teams may bring 2 laptops or 3-ring binders containing information. Calculators are permitted, but no internet access is allowed. Topics include various star types, their lifespans, and key astronomical laws. The event emphasizes teamwork, analytical skills, and a deep understanding of stellar phenomena.

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Astronomy Olympiad: Stellar Evolution and Type II Supernova Competition Guidelines

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  1. Science Olympiad AstronomyDivision C

  2. Guidelines • Description: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of mathematics and physics relating to stellar evolution and Type II Supernova. • A team of up to: 2 • Approximate Time: 50 minutes

  3. Guidelines • Event Parameters: Each team may bring either 2 laptops or 2 3-ring binder containing info in any form from any source • Materials must be 3-hole punched and inserted into the rings • Each team member is permitted to bring a programmable calculator • NO INTERNET ACCESS!

  4. The Competition • Using H-R Diagrams, spectra, light curves, motions, cosmological distance equations and relationships, stellar magnitudes and classification, multi-wavelength images (X-Ray, UV, optical, IR, radio), charts, graphs, animations and DS9 imaging analysis software, students will answer questions

  5. Competition (Part A) • Stellar evolution, including spectral features and chemical composition, luminosity, blackbody radiation, color index (B-V), and H-R Diagram transitions, stellar nurseries and star formation, protostars, main sequence stars

  6. Competition (Part A) cont. • Cepheid variables, semiregular variables, red supergiants, neutron stars, magnetars, pulsars, Wolf-Rayet stars, stellar mass black holes, x-ray binary systems and Type II Supernovas

  7. Stellar Evolution • Lifespan of a star and radical changes • Dependent on mass • Ranges from few million years to trillions of years • All stars born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust

  8. Star Classification • HR Diagram

  9. Kepler’s Laws • Kepler’s First Law: Planets move around the sun in ellipses, with the Sun in one focus • Kepler’s Second Law: the line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal times • Kepler’s Third Law: The square of a planet’s sidereal period (P) around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the length of its orbit’s semimajor axis (a) • P2 = a3, planet closer to the Sun has a shorter year

  10. Kepler’s Laws cont. • Use laws, rotation and circular motion to answer questions relating to orbital motions of binary and multiple star systems • Use parallax, spectroscopic parallax, and the distance modulus to calculate distances to Type I and II Cepheids

  11. Cepheid variables • Cepheid variable stars expand and contract in a repeating cycle of size changes • Change in size is comparable with change in brightness

  12. Competition (Part c) • Identify, know the location and answer questions relating to the content areas outlined above for following object: • Cas A, IGR J17091, NGC 6888/WR 136, PSR J0108-1431, Cygnus X-1, SXP 1062, M1, V838 Mon, Delta Cep, aOrionis, SN 2010JL, NGC 3582, LHa115-N19, Antares/Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex and IC 1396

  13. Cassiopeia A (Cas A) • Remnant of a massive star that exploded about 300 years ago • 10 light years in diameter • 50 million degrees

  14. IGR J17091 • Binary system containing stellar mass black hole • Black hole pulling gas away from a companion star

  15. NGC 6888/WR 136 • Nebula

  16. PSR J0108-1431 • Solitary Pulsar located in constellation Cetus • 424 Light years away

  17. Cygnus X-1 • Well known galactic X-ray source in Cygnus constellation

  18. SXP 1062 • Supernova in constellation Tucana • 180,000 Light years away

  19. Messier 1 (M1) • Crab nebula

  20. V838 Monocerotis • Constellation Monoceros • Red variable star

  21. Delta Cep • Binary Star System • 887 Light years away

  22. Alpha Orionis

  23. Scoring • All questions will have been assigned a predetermined number of points. The highest score wins. Selected questions having differentiated weights will be used to break ties.

  24. Resources • Aavso.org • Chandra.harvard.edu • Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov • Nightsky.ie • Atlasoftheuniverse.com • Email Astronomy professor from IUN at lciupik@adlerplanetarium.org

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